Abstract：
Con Co Ngua is a complex, sedentary forager site from northern Vietnam dating to the early seventh millennium BP. Prior research identified a calcified Echinococcus granulosis cyst, which causes hydatid disease. Osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease were also present in this individual and others. Hydatid disease is observed in high frequencies in pastoralists, and its presence in a hunter-gatherer community raises questions regarding human-animal interaction prior to farming. The objective of this article is to identify and describe the epidemiology of hydatid disease in the human skeletal assemblage at Con Co Ngua.
One hundred and fifty-five individuals were macroscopically assessed for lesions. Of these, eight individuals were radiographed. Hydatid disease was diagnosed using a new threshold criteria protocol derived from clinical literature, which prioritizes lesions specific to the parasite.
Twenty-two individuals (14.2%) presented with osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease, affecting the distal humerus, proximal femur and forearm, and pelvis. Seven individuals radiographed (4.5%) had multilocular cystic lesions strongly diagnostic for hydatid disease. All probable cases had lesions of the distal humerus. The remaining lesions were macroscopically identical to those radiographed and were considered possible cases.
While hydatid disease has previously been found in pre-agricultural communities, the high prevalence at Con Co Ngua is non-incidental. We propose that the presence of wild canids and management of wild buffalo and deer increased the risk of disease transmission. These findings further reveal subsistence complexity among hunter-gatherers living millennia prior to the adoption of farming in Southeast Asia.
One hundred and fifty-five individuals were macroscopically assessed for lesions. Of these, eight individuals were radiographed. Hydatid disease was diagnosed using a new threshold criteria protocol derived from clinical literature, which prioritizes lesions specific to the parasite.
Twenty-two individuals (14.2%) presented with osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease, affecting the distal humerus, proximal femur and forearm, and pelvis. Seven individuals radiographed (4.5%) had multilocular cystic lesions strongly diagnostic for hydatid disease. All probable cases had lesions of the distal humerus. The remaining lesions were macroscopically identical to those radiographed and were considered possible cases.
While hydatid disease has previously been found in pre-agricultural communities, the high prevalence at Con Co Ngua is non-incidental. We propose that the presence of wild canids and management of wild buffalo and deer increased the risk of disease transmission. These findings further reveal subsistence complexity among hunter-gatherers living millennia prior to the adoption of farming in Southeast Asia.
摘要：
目标：ConCoNgua是一个复杂的，从越南北部到英国石油公司七千年初的久坐觅食地点。先前的研究确定了钙化的棘球蚴囊肿，导致包虫病。与包虫病一致的溶骨性病变也存在于该个体和其他人中。在牧民中发现包虫病的频率很高，它在狩猎-采集者社区中的存在引发了关于耕种前人类与动物互动的问题。本文的目的是确定和描述ConCoNgua人类骨骼组合中包虫病的流行病学。
方法：对一百五十五个个体进行了宏观评估。其中,八人接受了X光检查。使用来自临床文献的新阈值标准方案诊断包虫病，优先考虑寄生虫特有的病变。
结果：22例（14.2%）患者出现与包虫病一致的溶骨性病变，影响肱骨远端,股骨近端和前臂，还有骨盆.7名接受X线检查（4.5％）的多房性囊性病变可强烈诊断为包虫病。所有可能的病例都有肱骨远端病变。其余的病变在宏观上与射线照相相同，被认为是可能的病例。
结论：虽然包虫病以前已经在农业前社区发现，ConCoNgua的高患病率是非偶然的。我们建议野生犬科动物的存在以及野生水牛和鹿的管理增加了疾病传播的风险。这些发现进一步揭示了在东南亚采用农业之前生活千年的狩猎采集者的生存复杂性。
方法：对一百五十五个个体进行了宏观评估。
结果：22例（14.2%）患者出现与包虫病一致的溶骨性病变，
结论：虽然包虫病以前已经在农业前社区发现，
