PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Xenotransplantation promises to alleviate the issue of donor organ shortages and to decrease waiting times for transplantation. Recent advances in genetic engineering have allowed for the creation of pigs with up to 16 genetic modifications. Several combinations of genetic modifications have been associated with extended graft survival and life-supporting function in experimental heart and kidney xenotransplants. Lung xenotransplantation carries specific challenges related to the large surface area of the lung vascular bed, its innate immune system\'s intrinsic hyperreactivity to perceived \'danger\', and its anatomic vulnerability to airway flooding after even localized loss of alveolocapillary barrier function. This article discusses the current status of lung xenotransplantation, and challenges related to immunology, physiology, anatomy, and infection. Tissue engineering as a feasible alternative to develop a viable lung replacement solution is discussed.
摘要：
异种移植有望减轻供体器官短缺的问题，并减少移植的等待时间。基因工程的最新进展已经允许产生具有多达16个遗传修饰的猪。在实验性心脏和肾脏异种移植中，遗传修饰的几种组合与延长的移植物存活和生命支持功能有关。肺异种移植面临与肺血管床的大表面积相关的特定挑战，它的先天免疫系统对感知的“危险”固有的高反应性，甚至在局部丧失肺泡毛细血管屏障功能后，其对气道阻塞的解剖脆弱性。本文讨论了异种肺移植的现状，以及与免疫学有关的挑战，生理学,解剖学,和感染。讨论了组织工程作为开发可行的肺替代解决方案的可行替代方案。
