Abstract：
Biochar, derived from unused biomass, is widely considered for its potential to deal with climate change problems. Global interest in biochar is attributed to its ability to sequester carbon in soil and to remediate aquatic environment from water pollution. As soil conditioner and/or adsorbent, biochar offers opportunity through a circular economy (CE) paradigm. While energy transition continues, progress toward low-emissions materials accelerates their advance towards net-zero emissions. However, none of existing works addresses CE-based biochar management to achieve carbon neutrality. To reflect its novelty, this work provides a critical overview of challenges and opportunities for biochar to promote CE and carbon neutrality. This article also offers seminal perspectives about strengthening biomass management through CE and resource recovery paradigms, while exploring how the unused biomass can promote net zero emissions in its applications. By consolidating scattered knowledge in the body of literature into one place, this work uncovers new research directions to close the loops by implementing the circularity of biomass resources in various fields. It is conclusive from a literature survey of 113 articles (2003-2023) that biomass conversion into biochar can promote net zero emissions and CE in the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Depending on their physico-chemical properties, biochar can become a suitable feedstock for CE. Biochar application as soil enrichment offsets 12% of CO2 emissions by land use annually. Adding biochar to soil can improve its health and agricultural productivity, while minimizing about 1/8 of CO2 emissions. Biochar can also sequester CO2 in the long-term and prevent the release of carbon back into the atmosphere after its decomposition. This practice could sequester 2.5 gigatons (Gt) of CO2 annually. With the global biochar market reaching USD 368.85 million by 2028, this work facilitates biochar with its versatile characteristics to promote carbon neutrality and CE applications.
摘要：
生物炭,来自未使用的生物质，因其应对气候变化问题的潜力而被广泛认为。全球对生物炭的兴趣归因于其在土壤中固碳和从水污染中修复水生环境的能力。作为土壤改良剂和/或吸附剂，生物炭通过循环经济(CE)范式提供了机会。虽然能源转型仍在继续，低排放材料的进展加速了它们向净零排放的进程。然而,现有的工作都没有解决基于CE的生物炭管理来实现碳中和。为了反映它的新颖性，这项工作提供了生物炭促进CE和碳中和的挑战和机遇的关键概述。本文还提供了关于通过CE和资源回收范式加强生物质管理的开创性观点，同时探索未使用的生物质如何在其应用中促进净零排放。通过将文学中分散的知识整合到一个地方，这项工作揭示了新的研究方向，通过在各个领域实施生物质资源的循环来闭合循环。根据对113篇文章（2003-2023年）的文献调查得出的结论是，在联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）的框架内，将生物质转化为生物炭可以促进净零排放和CE。根据它们的物理化学性质，生物炭可以成为CE的合适原料。生物炭作为土壤富集的应用每年抵消了土地使用的12％的二氧化碳排放量。向土壤中添加生物炭可以提高土壤的健康和农业生产力，同时减少约1/8的二氧化碳排放量。生物炭还可以长期隔离CO2，并防止碳分解后释放回大气中。这种做法每年可以隔离2.5千兆吨(Gt)的二氧化碳。到2028年，全球生物炭市场达到3.6885亿美元，这项工作促进了生物炭的多功能特性，以促进碳中和和CE应用。
