Abstract：
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against microbial invasion, which are widely distributed in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Notably, there are great differences in endogenous HDP distribution and expression in humans and animals. Moreover, HDP expression could be regulated by exogenous substances, such as nutrients, and different physiological statuses in health and disease. In this review, we systematically assessed the regulation of expression and mechanism of endogenous HDPs from nutrition and disease perspectives, providing a basis to identify the specificity and regularity of HDP expression. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of HDP expression was summarized systematically, and the differences in the regulation between nutrients and diseases were explored. From this review, we provide novel ideas targeted the immune regulation of HDPs for protecting host health in nutrition and practical and effective new ideas using the immune regulation theory for further research on protecting host health from pathogenic infection and excessive immunity diseases under the global challenge of the antibiotic-abuse-induced series of problems, including food security and microbial resistance.
摘要：
宿主防御肽（HDP）是先天免疫系统的主要组成部分，具有多种生物学功能。如抗菌能力和免疫调节功能。HDP由免疫和上皮细胞产生和释放，抵抗微生物入侵，在人类中广泛分布，动物,植物,和微生物。值得注意的是,内源性HDP在人和动物中的分布和表达存在很大差异。此外，HDP的表达可能受到外源物质的调控,如营养素，以及健康和疾病的不同生理状态。在这次审查中,我们从营养和疾病的角度系统地评估了内源性HDPs的表达和机制的调节，为鉴定HDP表达的特异性和规律性提供依据。此外，系统总结了HDP表达的调控机制,并探讨了营养与疾病之间调节的差异。从这篇评论来看，我们提供了针对HDP的免疫调节在营养上保护宿主健康的新思路，并利用免疫调节理论进一步研究了在抗生素滥用引起的一系列问题的全球挑战下保护宿主健康免受病原体感染和过度免疫疾病的影响，提供了实用有效的新思路。包括食品安全和微生物抗性。
