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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents a principal prototype of a multisystemic autoimmune disease with the participation of both cell- and antibody-mediated mechanisms causing significant renal impairment. A renal biopsy diagnosis is the gold standard for clinical renal disease in SLE, which includes a broad range of indications.
UNASSIGNED: Renal disease in SLE can involve glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and/or vascular compartments, none of which are mutually exclusive. In most instances, the basic pathogenetic mechanism involves tissue deposition of immune complexes and/or cell-mediated mechanisms, identified by light microscopy, immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy (EM), evoking intraglomerular proliferative, inflammatory, and other tissue responses. These produce a spectrum of histologic lesions, depending on the participation of a wide range of clinical triggers, namely, genetic, serological, and immunological factors, correlating with their underlying pathogenetic potential. In addition to light and immunofluorescence microscopy, EM in this setting facilitates an accurate diagnosis, assesses disease activity, delineates subclasses, differentiates from primary forms of non-lupus renal lesions, identifies organized deposits, and rarely, identifies other forms of nonimmune complex lesions such as podocytopathies, amyloidosis, and thrombotic microangiopathy.
UNASSIGNED: EM findings that are distinctive for most of the renal lesions in SLE include immune complex and nonimmune complex diseases as well as overlapping entities. Routine ultrastructural examination not only provides significant diagnostic and prognostic information from both initial and repeat renal biopsies from lupus patients but also contributes toward the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease process.
UNASSIGNED: Renal disease in SLE can involve glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and/or vascular compartments, none of which are mutually exclusive. In most instances, the basic pathogenetic mechanism involves tissue deposition of immune complexes and/or cell-mediated mechanisms, identified by light microscopy, immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy (EM), evoking intraglomerular proliferative, inflammatory, and other tissue responses. These produce a spectrum of histologic lesions, depending on the participation of a wide range of clinical triggers, namely, genetic, serological, and immunological factors, correlating with their underlying pathogenetic potential. In addition to light and immunofluorescence microscopy, EM in this setting facilitates an accurate diagnosis, assesses disease activity, delineates subclasses, differentiates from primary forms of non-lupus renal lesions, identifies organized deposits, and rarely, identifies other forms of nonimmune complex lesions such as podocytopathies, amyloidosis, and thrombotic microangiopathy.
UNASSIGNED: EM findings that are distinctive for most of the renal lesions in SLE include immune complex and nonimmune complex diseases as well as overlapping entities. Routine ultrastructural examination not only provides significant diagnostic and prognostic information from both initial and repeat renal biopsies from lupus patients but also contributes toward the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease process.
摘要：
未经证实：系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）代表了多系统自身免疫性疾病的主要原型，细胞和抗体介导的机制均参与导致严重的肾脏损害。肾活检诊断是SLE临床肾病的金标准,其中包括广泛的适应症。
未经证实：SLE的肾脏疾病可累及肾小球，肾小管间质,和/或血管隔室，它们都不是相互排斥的。在大多数情况下,基本发病机制涉及免疫复合物的组织沉积和/或细胞介导的机制，通过光学显微镜鉴定，免疫组织化学方法，和电子显微镜（EM），引起肾小球内增生，炎症，和其他组织反应。这些产生一系列组织学病变，取决于广泛的临床触发因素的参与，即,遗传,血清学,和免疫因素，与其潜在的致病潜力相关。除了光和免疫荧光显微镜，EM在此设置有助于准确的诊断，评估疾病活动，描绘子类，区别于原发性非狼疮肾损害，识别有组织的存款，很少，识别其他形式的非免疫性复杂病变，如足细胞病变，淀粉样变性,和血栓性微血管病.
UNASSIGNED：对于SLE中的大多数肾脏病变而言，独特的EM发现包括免疫复合物和非免疫复合物疾病以及重叠实体。常规超微结构检查不仅可以从狼疮患者的初始和重复肾脏活检中提供重要的诊断和预后信息，而且还有助于了解疾病过程的潜在病理生理学。
未经证实：SLE的肾脏疾病可累及肾小球，肾小管间质,和/或血管隔室，它们都不是相互排斥的。在大多数情况下,基本发病机制涉及免疫复合物的组织沉积和/或细胞介导的机制，通过光学显微镜鉴定，免疫组织化学方法，和电子显微镜（EM），引起肾小球内增生，炎症，和其他组织反应。这些产生一系列组织学病变，取决于广泛的临床触发因素的参与，即,遗传,血清学,和免疫因素，与其潜在的致病潜力相关。除了光和免疫荧光显微镜，EM在此设置有助于准确的诊断，评估疾病活动，描绘子类，区别于原发性非狼疮肾损害，识别有组织的存款，很少，识别其他形式的非免疫性复杂病变，如足细胞病变，淀粉样变性,和血栓性微血管病.
UNASSIGNED：对于SLE中的大多数肾脏病变而言，独特的EM发现包括免疫复合物和非免疫复合物疾病以及重叠实体。常规超微结构检查不仅可以从狼疮患者的初始和重复肾脏活检中提供重要的诊断和预后信息，而且还有助于了解疾病过程的潜在病理生理学。
