Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is an acute infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) with a worldwide incidence of approximately 8,000 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. Greater than 90% of MC cases occur in the pediatric population, and affected adults are more likely to be younger or immunocompromised. MC has minimal inflammation initially; however, a strong inflammatory response can occur during resolution of the infection, termed the beginning of the end (BOTE). MC infections may last months to years, and it is hypothesized that persistent infections may be due to suppression of immunity by MCV proteins, thus affecting MC’s clinical progression.
OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the current proposed mechanisms of MCV immune evasion and discuss potential therapeutic options for MC treatment.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline).
RESULTS: We compiled 18 original research articles and identified 11 proteins produced by MCV that are postulated to participate in evasion of host immunity through various molecular pathways. These proteins and/or their downstream pathways may be influenced by MC treatments in phase 3 development, including berdazimer gel 10.3% and VP-102 cantharidin, 0.7%.
CONCLUSIONS: MCV is distinctive in evading immune surveillance by inhibiting or dampening several immune pathways via the production of viral proteins. The result is decreasing local inflammatory response which contributes to the prolonged survival of MCV in the epidermis. Persistent MC can be a nuisance for some patients and treatment may be desired. Currently, no treatment has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Two approaches in the pipeline may affect the immune avoidance mechanisms; nevertheless, their exact mechanisms between the potential therapeutics and viral proteins remain enigmatic. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(2):182-189. doi:10.36849/JDD.7230.
OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the current proposed mechanisms of MCV immune evasion and discuss potential therapeutic options for MC treatment.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline).
RESULTS: We compiled 18 original research articles and identified 11 proteins produced by MCV that are postulated to participate in evasion of host immunity through various molecular pathways. These proteins and/or their downstream pathways may be influenced by MC treatments in phase 3 development, including berdazimer gel 10.3% and VP-102 cantharidin, 0.7%.
CONCLUSIONS: MCV is distinctive in evading immune surveillance by inhibiting or dampening several immune pathways via the production of viral proteins. The result is decreasing local inflammatory response which contributes to the prolonged survival of MCV in the epidermis. Persistent MC can be a nuisance for some patients and treatment may be desired. Currently, no treatment has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Two approaches in the pipeline may affect the immune avoidance mechanisms; nevertheless, their exact mechanisms between the potential therapeutics and viral proteins remain enigmatic. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(2):182-189. doi:10.36849/JDD.7230.
摘要：
背景：传染性软疣（MC）是由传染性软疣病毒（MCV）引起的急性感染，全球发病率每年约为每100,000个体8,000例。超过90％的MC病例发生在儿科人群中，和受影响的成年人更可能是年轻或免疫功能低下。MC最初有轻微的炎症;然而，在感染消退期间会发生强烈的炎症反应，称为结束的开始（BOTE）。MC感染可能会持续数月至数年，据推测，持续性感染可能是由于MCV蛋白对免疫力的抑制，从而影响MC&rsquo的临床进展。
目的：我们回顾了目前提出的MCV免疫逃避机制，并讨论了MC治疗的潜在治疗选择。
方法：使用电子数据库（Pubmed，谷歌学者，Medline)。
结果：我们汇编了18篇原创研究文章，并鉴定了MCV产生的11种蛋白质，这些蛋白质被假定通过各种分子途径参与宿主免疫的逃避。这些蛋白质和/或其下游途径可能受到MC处理在3期发展的影响，包括10.3%的Berdazimer凝胶和VP-102斑三素，0.7%。
结论：MCV在通过病毒蛋白的产生抑制或抑制几种免疫途径来逃避免疫监视方面是独特的。结果是减少局部炎症反应,这有助于MCV在表皮中的延长存活。持续MC对一些患者可能是一种麻烦,并且可能需要治疗。目前,尚未获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的批准.管道中的两种方法可能会影响免疫回避机制；尽管如此，它们在潜在的治疗药物和病毒蛋白之间的确切机制仍然是神秘的。J药物Dermatol.2023年；22（2）：182-189。doi:10.36849/JDD7230。
目的：我们回顾了目前提出的MCV免疫逃避机制，并讨论了MC治疗的潜在治疗选择。
方法：使用电子数据库（Pubmed，谷歌学者，Medline)。
结果：我们汇编了18篇原创研究文章，并鉴定了MCV产生的11种蛋白质，这些蛋白质被假定通过各种分子途径参与宿主免疫的逃避。这些蛋白质和/或其下游途径可能受到MC处理在3期发展的影响，包括10.3%的Berdazimer凝胶和VP-102斑三素，0.7%。
结论：MCV在通过病毒蛋白的产生抑制或抑制几种免疫途径来逃避免疫监视方面是独特的。结果是减少局部炎症反应,这有助于MCV在表皮中的延长存活。持续MC对一些患者可能是一种麻烦,并且可能需要治疗。目前,尚未获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的批准.管道中的两种方法可能会影响免疫回避机制；尽管如此，它们在潜在的治疗药物和病毒蛋白之间的确切机制仍然是神秘的。J药物Dermatol.2023年；22（2）：182-189。doi:10.36849/JDD7230。
