Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Visnagin is a phenolic and natural compound in turmeric and fenugreek, and its anti-inflammatory effect has been indicated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare the anti-inflammatory properties of visnagin and its methoxy derivative khellin on human lymphocytes.
METHODS: Human lymphocytes were treated with khellin, visnagin (10, 30, and 100 µM), and dexamethasone (0.1 mM) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The levels of cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and MDA/GSH ratio were measured using biochemistry methods. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 were assessed using real-time PCR, while IFN-γ/IL-4(Th1/Th2), IFN-γ/IL-10(Th1/Treg), and IL-4/IL-10(Th2/Treg) ratios were made by dividing their exact values.
RESULTS: In the PHA-stimulated group, GSH and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels were markedly diminished, but other variables were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Khellin and visnagin significantly declined the levels of cell proliferation, MDA, MDA/GSH ratio, and NO production. Khellin and visnagin concentration-dependently diminished IFN-γ and IL-4 levels and increased IL-10 levels compared to the PHA-stimulated group. Two higher concentrations of khellin and visnagin (30 and 100 μM) considerably diminished the IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-10, and IL-4/IL-10 values compared to the PHA-stimulated group. However, 100 µM of khellin and visnagin significantly increased GSH level compared to the PHA-stimulated group.
CONCLUSIONS: In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, representing Th2 dominant allergic diseases, khellin and visnagin provides more specific anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory functions than dexamethasone. In addition, the effects of khellin were more prominent than visnagin.
METHODS: Human lymphocytes were treated with khellin, visnagin (10, 30, and 100 µM), and dexamethasone (0.1 mM) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The levels of cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and MDA/GSH ratio were measured using biochemistry methods. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 were assessed using real-time PCR, while IFN-γ/IL-4(Th1/Th2), IFN-γ/IL-10(Th1/Treg), and IL-4/IL-10(Th2/Treg) ratios were made by dividing their exact values.
RESULTS: In the PHA-stimulated group, GSH and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels were markedly diminished, but other variables were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Khellin and visnagin significantly declined the levels of cell proliferation, MDA, MDA/GSH ratio, and NO production. Khellin and visnagin concentration-dependently diminished IFN-γ and IL-4 levels and increased IL-10 levels compared to the PHA-stimulated group. Two higher concentrations of khellin and visnagin (30 and 100 μM) considerably diminished the IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-10, and IL-4/IL-10 values compared to the PHA-stimulated group. However, 100 µM of khellin and visnagin significantly increased GSH level compared to the PHA-stimulated group.
CONCLUSIONS: In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, representing Th2 dominant allergic diseases, khellin and visnagin provides more specific anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory functions than dexamethasone. In addition, the effects of khellin were more prominent than visnagin.
摘要：
背景：Visnagin是姜黄和胡芦巴中的酚类和天然化合物，其抗炎作用已被证实。因此,本研究旨在研究和比较visnagin及其甲氧基衍生物khellin对人淋巴细胞的抗炎特性。
方法：人类淋巴细胞用khellin处理，visnagin(10、30和100µM)，和在植物血凝素(PHA)存在下的地塞米松(0.1mM)。细胞增殖的水平，一氧化氮（NO），谷胱甘肽(GSH),丙二醛（MDA），使用生物化学方法测量MDA/GSH比率。此外，干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的mRNA水平，白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL-10使用实时PCR进行评估，而IFN-γ/IL-4（Th1/Th2），IFN-γ/IL-10（Th1/Treg），和IL-4/IL-10(Th2/Treg)比率通过除以它们的精确值得到。
结果：在PHA刺激组中，GSH和IFN-γ/IL-4水平明显下降，但与对照组相比,其他变量显著升高.Khellin和visnagin显著降低了细胞增殖水平，MDA,MDA/GSH比值,没有生产。与PHA刺激组相比，Khellin和visnagin浓度依赖性地降低了IFN-γ和IL-4水平，并增加了IL-10水平。两种较高浓度的khellin和visnagin（30和100μM）大大降低了IFN-γ，与PHA刺激组相比的IFN-γ/IL-10和IL-4/IL-10值。然而,与PHA刺激组相比，100µM的khellin和visnagin显着增加了GSH水平。
结论：在PHA刺激的淋巴细胞中，代表Th2显性过敏性疾病，khellin和visnagin提供更多的特异性抗氧化剂，抗炎,免疫调节功能优于地塞米松。此外,赫林的作用比visnagin更明显。
方法：人类淋巴细胞用khellin处理，visnagin(10、30和100µM)，和在植物血凝素(PHA)存在下的地塞米松(0.1mM)。细胞增殖的水平，一氧化氮（NO），谷胱甘肽(GSH),丙二醛（MDA），使用生物化学方法测量MDA/GSH比率。此外，干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的mRNA水平，白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL-10使用实时PCR进行评估，而IFN-γ/IL-4（Th1/Th2），IFN-γ/IL-10（Th1/Treg），和IL-4/IL-10(Th2/Treg)比率通过除以它们的精确值得到。
结果：在PHA刺激组中，GSH和IFN-γ/IL-4水平明显下降，但与对照组相比,其他变量显著升高.Khellin和visnagin显著降低了细胞增殖水平，MDA,MDA/GSH比值,没有生产。与PHA刺激组相比，Khellin和visnagin浓度依赖性地降低了IFN-γ和IL-4水平，并增加了IL-10水平。两种较高浓度的khellin和visnagin（30和100μM）大大降低了IFN-γ，与PHA刺激组相比的IFN-γ/IL-10和IL-4/IL-10值。然而,与PHA刺激组相比，100µM的khellin和visnagin显着增加了GSH水平。
结论：在PHA刺激的淋巴细胞中，代表Th2显性过敏性疾病，khellin和visnagin提供更多的特异性抗氧化剂，抗炎,免疫调节功能优于地塞米松。此外,赫林的作用比visnagin更明显。
