Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The most reported viral co-infections in leprosy are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and SARS-CoV-2. In co-infections, the burden of an agent can be increased or decreased by the presence of others. To address this issue, we need to fully understand their prevalence, risk factors, immunology, clinical manifestations, and treatment. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the most reported viral co-infections in leprosy to inform clinicians and guide future research.
METHODS: The authors conducted a literature search of five databases for articles on each of the aforementioned co-infections published prior to October 2022. Two independent reviewers conducted the selection process and identified 53 papers meeting the study inclusion criteria. The data extraction process and evidence synthesis were conducted by one reviewer and double-checked by a second one, consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews.
RESULTS: For all assessed viruses, most studies reported prevalence rates in leprosy patients higher than the general population. Studies found that HTLV, HBV, and HCV chronic infections were highest in multibacillary leprosy, whereas HIV was mostly found in paucibacillary leprosy, and SARS-Cov-2 affected leprosy subtypes equally. Overall, co-infections were also associated with higher rates of leprosy reactions, except for COVID-19. Forty-six percent of the studies discussed issues related to treatment, which led to favorable outcomes for the most part.
CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the existing literature on viral co-infections in leprosy patients, generating valuable insights and recommending areas for future research.
METHODS: The authors conducted a literature search of five databases for articles on each of the aforementioned co-infections published prior to October 2022. Two independent reviewers conducted the selection process and identified 53 papers meeting the study inclusion criteria. The data extraction process and evidence synthesis were conducted by one reviewer and double-checked by a second one, consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews.
RESULTS: For all assessed viruses, most studies reported prevalence rates in leprosy patients higher than the general population. Studies found that HTLV, HBV, and HCV chronic infections were highest in multibacillary leprosy, whereas HIV was mostly found in paucibacillary leprosy, and SARS-Cov-2 affected leprosy subtypes equally. Overall, co-infections were also associated with higher rates of leprosy reactions, except for COVID-19. Forty-six percent of the studies discussed issues related to treatment, which led to favorable outcomes for the most part.
CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the existing literature on viral co-infections in leprosy patients, generating valuable insights and recommending areas for future research.
摘要：
背景：麻风病中报道最多的病毒共感染是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），人类T细胞淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV），乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），丙型肝炎病毒（HCV），和SARS-CoV-2.在共感染中，试剂的负担可以通过其他试剂的存在来增加或减少。为了解决这个问题，我们需要充分了解它们的患病率，危险因素，免疫学,临床表现，和治疗。本范围审查的目的是描述麻风病中报道最多的病毒共感染的临床和流行病学特征，以告知临床医生并指导未来的研究。
方法：作者对5个数据库进行了文献检索，查找了2022年10月之前发表的关于上述每种合并感染的文章。两名独立评审员进行了选择过程，并确定了53篇符合研究纳入标准的论文。数据提取过程和证据综合由一名审核人员进行，并由另一名审核人员进行双重检查，与范围审查的最佳实践建议一致。
结果：对于所有评估的病毒，大多数研究报告麻风病人的患病率高于普通人群.研究发现HTLV,HBV,HCV慢性感染在多杆菌麻风病中最高，而艾滋病毒主要存在于麻风病中，和SARS-Cov-2同样影响麻风病亚型。总的来说,共同感染也与较高的麻风反应率相关，除了COVID-19。46%的研究讨论了与治疗有关的问题，这在很大程度上导致了有利的结果。
结论：本综述总结了麻风病患者合并病毒感染的现有文献，产生有价值的见解，并为未来的研究推荐领域。
方法：作者对5个数据库进行了文献检索，查找了2022年10月之前发表的关于上述每种合并感染的文章。两名独立评审员进行了选择过程，并确定了53篇符合研究纳入标准的论文。数据提取过程和证据综合由一名审核人员进行，并由另一名审核人员进行双重检查，与范围审查的最佳实践建议一致。
结果：对于所有评估的病毒，大多数研究报告麻风病人的患病率高于普通人群.研究发现HTLV,HBV,HCV慢性感染在多杆菌麻风病中最高，而艾滋病毒主要存在于麻风病中，和SARS-Cov-2同样影响麻风病亚型。总的来说,共同感染也与较高的麻风反应率相关，除了COVID-19。46%的研究讨论了与治疗有关的问题，这在很大程度上导致了有利的结果。
结论：本综述总结了麻风病患者合并病毒感染的现有文献，产生有价值的见解，并为未来的研究推荐领域。
