PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is an increasing threat to first-world nations as their population ages, with around one in 100 suffering from it by age 60. Incurable, with treatments that do little to delay disease progression, PD induces severe disability and even death in those afflicted. The search for preventative measures has revealed the widely used psychoactive stimulant caffeine, which competitively inhibits adenosine receptors to induce a wide variety of effects. The inhibition of inflammation and microglial cell activation to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cellular damage and the resultant mitochondrial dysfunction of the dopaminergic neurons appears to be the main pathway, inducing neuronal loss via the activation of the intrinsic pathway to apoptosis. Mouse models and human data reinforce that caffeine delays the onset of PD in a dose-dependent manner. Evidence suggests it is more beneficial in men than women and is not beneficial at all in women undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Additionally, some studies suggest that although caffeinated drinks such as cola and tea are beneficial, there may be other products in coffee that prevent the effect, though this requires further research. Although there is strong evidence that caffeine is neuroprotective, there is less evidence that it delays the onset of PD. Given the association with cardiovascular disease, it may be disadvantageous overall to the majority of the population to supplement caffeine, though still a beneficial preventative technique for individuals with a genetic predisposition to PD that may otherwise suffer early onset.
摘要：
随着人口的老龄化，帕金森病（PD）对第一世界国家的威胁越来越大，到60岁时，大约每100人中就有一人患有这种疾病。无法治愈,治疗对延缓疾病进展几乎没有作用，PD会导致患者严重残疾，甚至死亡。寻找预防措施揭示了广泛使用的精神兴奋剂咖啡因，竞争性抑制腺苷受体以诱导多种作用。抑制炎症和小胶质细胞活化以减少活性氧（ROS）诱导的细胞损伤和由此产生的多巴胺能神经元的线粒体功能障碍似乎是主要途径。通过激活细胞凋亡的内在途径诱导神经元丢失。小鼠模型和人类数据加强了咖啡因以剂量依赖性方式延迟PD的发作。有证据表明，它对男性比女性更有益，对接受激素替代疗法（HRT）的女性根本没有好处。此外,一些研究表明，尽管含咖啡因的饮料如可乐和茶是有益的，咖啡中可能有其他产品可以防止这种效果，尽管这需要进一步的研究。尽管有强有力的证据表明咖啡因具有神经保护作用，很少有证据表明它可以延迟PD的发作。考虑到与心血管疾病的关系，补充咖啡因对大多数人来说可能是不利的，尽管对于具有PD遗传易感性的个体仍然是一种有益的预防技术，否则可能会早期发作。
