Abstract：
One of the most prevalent indications of water-electrolyte imbalance is edema. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a protein family that can function as water channels. Osmoregulation and body water homeostasis are dependent on the regulation of AQPs. Human kidneys contain nine AQPs, five of which have been demonstrated to have a role in body water balance: AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, and AQP7. Water imbalance is connected with AQP dysfunction. Hyponatremia with elevated AQP levels can accompany edema, which can be caused by disorders with low effective circulating blood volume and systemic vasodilation, such as congestive heart failure (CHF), hepatic cirrhosis, or the syndrome of incorrect antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). In CHF, upregulation of AQP2 expression and targeting is critical for water retention. AQP2 is also involved in aberrant water retention and the formation of ascites in cirrhosis of the liver. Furthermore, water retention and hyponatremia in SIADH are caused by increased expression of AQP2 in the collecting duct. Fluid restriction, demeclocycline, and vasopressin type-2 receptor antagonists are widely utilized to treat edema. The relationship between AQPs and edema is discussed in this chapter.
摘要：
水电解质失衡的最普遍迹象之一是水肿。水通道蛋白（AQP）是一个可以充当水通道的蛋白质家族。渗透调节和体内水稳态依赖于AQP的调节。人的肾脏含有9个AQP,其中5种已被证明在体内水分平衡中起作用：AQP1，AQP2，AQP3，AQP4和AQP7。水失衡与AQP功能障碍有关。低钠血症伴AQP水平升高可伴有水肿，这可能是由有效循环血容量低和全身血管舒张的疾病引起的，如充血性心力衰竭（CHF），肝硬化,或抗利尿激素分泌不正确（SIADH）综合征。在瑞士法郎中，AQP2表达和靶向的上调对于保水至关重要。AQP2还参与肝硬化中的异常水潴留和腹水形成。此外，SIADH中的水潴留和低钠血症是由收集导管中AQP2表达增加引起的。流体限制,去霉素,和加压素2型受体拮抗剂广泛用于治疗水肿。本章讨论了AQPs与水肿的关系。
