PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has dual functions as a nonhistone nucleoprotein and an extracellular inflammatory cytokine. In the resting state, HMGB1 is mainly located in the nucleus and regulates key nuclear activities. After spinal cord injury, HMGB1 is rapidly expressed by neurons, microglia and ependymal cells, and it is either actively or passively released into the extracellular matrix and blood circulation; furthermore, it also participates in the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury. HMGB1 can regulate the activation of M1 microglia, exacerbate the inflammatory response, and regulate the expression of inflammatory factors through Rage and TLR2/4, resulting in neuronal death. However, some studies have shown that HMGB1 is beneficial for the survival, regeneration and differentiation of neurons and that it promotes the recovery of motor function. This article reviews the specific timing of secretion and translocation, the release mechanism and the role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury. Furthermore, the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury and, the challenges that still need to be addressed are identified, and this work will provide a basis for future studies.
摘要：
高迁移率族蛋白1（HMGB1）具有作为非组蛋白核蛋白和细胞外炎性细胞因子的双重功能。在静止状态下,HMGB1主要位于细胞核中，调节关键的核活动。脊髓损伤后，HMGB1由神经元快速表达，小胶质细胞和室管膜细胞，主动或被动释放到细胞外基质和血液循环中；此外，参与脊髓损伤的病理生理过程。HMGB1可以调控M1小胶质细胞的活化，加剧炎症反应，并通过Rage和TLR2/4调节炎症因子的表达,导致神经元死亡。然而,一些研究表明HMGB1对生存有益，神经元的再生和分化，并促进运动功能的恢复。本文综述了分泌和易位的具体时机，HMGB1的释放机制及其在脊髓损伤中的作用。此外，HMGB1在脊髓损伤中的作用及机制,确定了仍然需要解决的挑战，这项工作将为今后的研究提供依据。
