PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) suggests an association between micro-scale environmental conditions and crime, but little empirical research exists on the detailed street-level environmental features associated with crime near low-income and minority schools. This study focuses on the neighborhoods around 14 elementary schools serving lower income populations in Seattle, WA to assess if the distribution of crime incidences (2013-2017) is linked with the street-level environmental features that reflect CPTED principles. We used a total of 40 audit variables that were included in the four domains derived from the broken windows theory and CPTED principles: natural surveillance (e.g., number of windows, balconies, and a sense of surveillance), territoriality (e.g., crime watch signs, trees), image/maintenance (e.g., graffiti and a sense of maintenance/cleanness), and geographical juxtaposition (e.g., bus stops, presence of arterial). We found that multiple crime types had significant associations with CPTED components at the street level. Among the CPTED domains, two image/maintenance features (i.e., maintenance of streets and visual quality of buildings) and two geographical juxtaposition features (i.e., being adjacent to multi-family housing and bus stops) were consistently associated with both violent and property crime. The findings suggest that local efforts to improve maintenance of streets and visual quality of buildings and broader planning efforts to control specific land uses near schools are important to improve safety in marginalized neighborhoods near schools that tend to be more vulnerable to crime. Our research on micro-scale environmental determinants of crime can also serve as promising targets for CPTED research and initiatives.
摘要：
通过环境设计预防犯罪（CPTED）表明微观环境条件与犯罪之间存在关联，但是关于低收入和少数民族学校附近与犯罪相关的详细街道级环境特征的实证研究很少。这项研究的重点是西雅图为低收入人群服务的14所小学周围的社区，西澳大利亚州评估犯罪率的分布（2013-2017年）是否与反映CPTED原则的街道级环境特征有关。我们总共使用了40个审计变量，这些变量包含在从破窗理论和CPTED原则得出的四个领域中：自然监督（例如，窗户数量,阳台,和监视感），地域性(例如，犯罪观察标志，树木)，映像/维护(例如，涂鸦和维护/清洁感)，和地理并列(例如，巴士站,动脉的存在）。我们发现，在街道一级，多种犯罪类型与CPTED成分具有显着关联。在CPTED领域中，两个映像/维护功能(即，街道维护和建筑物的视觉质量)和两个地理并置特征(即，毗邻多户住房和公交车站）始终与暴力和财产犯罪有关。研究结果表明，当地改善街道维护和建筑物视觉质量的努力以及控制学校附近特定土地用途的更广泛的规划努力对于改善学校附近边缘化社区的安全至关重要，这些社区往往更容易犯罪。我们对犯罪的微观环境决定因素的研究也可以作为CPTED研究和倡议的有希望的目标。
