Abstract：
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are frequently used to self-care for nonspecific ovarian cancer symptoms prior to diagnosis. Monitoring such purchases may provide an opportunity for earlier diagnosis.
The aim of the Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS) was to investigate purchases of OTC pain and indigestion medications prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis in women with and without ovarian cancer in the United Kingdom using loyalty card data.
An observational case-control study was performed comparing purchases of OTC pain and indigestion medications prior to diagnosis in women with (n=153) and without (n=120) ovarian cancer using loyalty card data from two UK-based high street retailers. Monthly purchases of pain and indigestion medications for cases and controls were compared using the Fisher exact test, conditional logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Pain and indigestion medication purchases were increased among cases 8 months before diagnosis, with maximum discrimination between cases and controls 8 months before diagnosis (Fisher exact odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 2.1-4.1). An increase in indigestion medication purchases was detected up to 9 months before diagnosis (adjusted conditional logistic regression OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04-1.83). The ROC analysis for indigestion medication purchases showed a maximum area under the curve (AUC) at 13 months before diagnosis (AUC=0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.73), which further improved when stratified to late-stage ovarian cancer (AUC=0.68, 95% CI 0.59-0.78).
There is a difference in purchases of pain and indigestion medications among women with and without ovarian cancer up to 8 months before diagnosis. Facilitating earlier presentation among those who self-care for symptoms using this novel data source could improve ovarian cancer patients\' options for treatment and improve survival.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03994653; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03994653.
The aim of the Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS) was to investigate purchases of OTC pain and indigestion medications prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis in women with and without ovarian cancer in the United Kingdom using loyalty card data.
An observational case-control study was performed comparing purchases of OTC pain and indigestion medications prior to diagnosis in women with (n=153) and without (n=120) ovarian cancer using loyalty card data from two UK-based high street retailers. Monthly purchases of pain and indigestion medications for cases and controls were compared using the Fisher exact test, conditional logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Pain and indigestion medication purchases were increased among cases 8 months before diagnosis, with maximum discrimination between cases and controls 8 months before diagnosis (Fisher exact odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 2.1-4.1). An increase in indigestion medication purchases was detected up to 9 months before diagnosis (adjusted conditional logistic regression OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04-1.83). The ROC analysis for indigestion medication purchases showed a maximum area under the curve (AUC) at 13 months before diagnosis (AUC=0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.73), which further improved when stratified to late-stage ovarian cancer (AUC=0.68, 95% CI 0.59-0.78).
There is a difference in purchases of pain and indigestion medications among women with and without ovarian cancer up to 8 months before diagnosis. Facilitating earlier presentation among those who self-care for symptoms using this novel data source could improve ovarian cancer patients\' options for treatment and improve survival.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03994653; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03994653.
摘要：
背景：非处方药（OTC）在诊断前经常用于自我护理非特异性卵巢癌症状。监测这样的购买可以提供早期诊断的机会。
目的：癌症忠诚度卡研究（CLOCS）的目的是调查在英国有或没有卵巢癌的女性在卵巢癌诊断之前购买OTC疼痛和消化不良药物使用会员卡数据。
方法：进行了一项观察性病例对照研究，使用来自英国两家商业街零售商的忠诚卡数据，比较了患有（n=153）和没有（n=120）卵巢癌的女性在诊断前购买OTC疼痛和消化不良药物的情况。使用Fisher精确检验比较病例和对照患者每月购买的疼痛和消化不良药物，条件逻辑回归，和受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线分析。
结果：在诊断前8个月的病例中，疼痛和消化不良药物购买增加，在诊断前8个月，病例和对照组之间的最大区别性（Fisher精确比值比[OR]2.9，95％CI2.1-4.1）。在诊断前9个月内发现消化不良药物购买增加（调整条件逻辑回归OR1.38，95％CI1.04-1.83）。消化不良药物购买的ROC分析显示，诊断前13个月的曲线下面积（AUC）最大（AUC=0.65，95％CI0.57-0.73），当分层为晚期卵巢癌时，进一步改善(AUC=0.68，95%CI0.59-0.78)。
结论：在诊断前8个月内，有和没有卵巢癌的女性在购买疼痛和消化不良药物方面存在差异。使用这种新的数据源促进早期出现自我护理症状的人可以改善卵巢癌患者的治疗选择并提高生存率。
背景：ClinicalTrials.govNCT03994653;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03994653。
目的：癌症忠诚度卡研究（CLOCS）的目的是调查在英国有或没有卵巢癌的女性在卵巢癌诊断之前购买OTC疼痛和消化不良药物使用会员卡数据。
方法：进行了一项观察性病例对照研究，使用来自英国两家商业街零售商的忠诚卡数据，比较了患有（n=153）和没有（n=120）卵巢癌的女性在诊断前购买OTC疼痛和消化不良药物的情况。使用Fisher精确检验比较病例和对照患者每月购买的疼痛和消化不良药物，条件逻辑回归，和受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线分析。
结果：在诊断前8个月的病例中，疼痛和消化不良药物购买增加，在诊断前8个月，病例和对照组之间的最大区别性（Fisher精确比值比[OR]2.9，95％CI2.1-4.1）。在诊断前9个月内发现消化不良药物购买增加（调整条件逻辑回归OR1.38，95％CI1.04-1.83）。消化不良药物购买的ROC分析显示，诊断前13个月的曲线下面积（AUC）最大（AUC=0.65，95％CI0.57-0.73），当分层为晚期卵巢癌时，进一步改善(AUC=0.68，95%CI0.59-0.78)。
结论：在诊断前8个月内，有和没有卵巢癌的女性在购买疼痛和消化不良药物方面存在差异。使用这种新的数据源促进早期出现自我护理症状的人可以改善卵巢癌患者的治疗选择并提高生存率。
背景：ClinicalTrials.govNCT03994653;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03994653。
