PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Macrophages are large highly motile phagocytic leukocytes that appear early during embryonic development and have been conserved during evolution. The developmental roles of macrophages were first described nearly a century ago, at about the time these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since then, we have made considerable progress in understanding the development of various subsets of macrophages and the diverse roles these cells play in both physiology and disease. This article reviews the phylogeny and the ontogeny of macrophages with a particular focus on the gastrointestinal tract, and the role of these mucosal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the importance of these macrophages in the inflammatory changes in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This article presents a combination of our own peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical studies, with an extensive review of the literature using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
摘要：
巨噬细胞是在胚胎发育早期出现并在进化过程中被保存的大量高度能动的吞噬白细胞。巨噬细胞的发育作用在近一个世纪前首次被描述，大约在那时，这些细胞被鉴定为吞噬和消除微生物的主要效应物。从那以后,我们在了解巨噬细胞各种亚群的发育以及这些细胞在生理和疾病中的不同作用方面取得了相当大的进展。本文综述了巨噬细胞的系统发育和个体发育，尤其是胃肠道。这些粘膜巨噬细胞在免疫监视中的作用，先天免疫,稳态，组织重塑,血管生成,修复受损组织。我们还讨论了这些巨噬细胞在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的炎症变化中的重要性。本文介绍了我们自己的同行评审的临床和临床前研究的组合，使用PubMed数据库对文献进行了广泛的回顾，EMBASE,还有Scopus.巨噬细胞在上个世纪初由PaulEhrlich和IlyaMetchnikoff首次描述为先天免疫的重要介质。1名称“巨噬细胞”或“大食者”来自希腊语，\"makros\"或大，和“phagein”或eat.2巨噬细胞是具有不规则细胞形状的大细胞，卵形或肾形核，细胞质囊泡，中央核,和高细胞质与细胞核的比率。3这些细胞高度吞噬和运动，并通过释放各种介质来调节免疫反应。4术语单核吞噬细胞包括谱系定向的骨髓前体，循环单核细胞,常驻巨噬细胞，和树突状细胞(DC)。5在这篇综述中，我们专注于巨噬细胞谱系，因为它首先膨胀和成熟，在子宫内,在新生儿的先天免疫反应中起着重要作用。
