PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Calcium is involved in many biological processes, but the impact of serum calcium levels on long-term mortality in general populations has been rarely investigated.
UNASSIGNED: This prospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). All-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality were obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Survey-weighted multivariate Cox regression was performed to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for the associations of calcium levels with risks of mortality. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to examine the non-linear association of calcium levels with all-cause and disease-specific mortality.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 51,042 individuals were included in the current study. During an average of 9.7 years of follow-up, 7,592 all-cause deaths were identified, including 2,391 CVD deaths and 1,641 cancer deaths. Compared with participants in the first quartile (Q1) of serum calcium level [≤2.299 mmol/L], the risk of all-cause mortality was lower for participants in the second quartile (Q2) [2.300-2.349 mmol/L], the third quartile (Q3) [2.350-2.424 mmol/L] and the fourth quartile (Q4) [≥2.425 mmol/L] with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74-0.88), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71-0.86), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.88). Similar associations were observed for CVD mortality, with HRs of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.95), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.74-1.02), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72, 0.97) in Q2-Q4 quartile. Furthermore, the L-shaped non-linear associations were detected for serum calcium with the risk of all-cause mortality. Below the median of 2.350 mmol/L, per 0.1 mmol/L higher serum calcium was associated with a 24% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.76, 95% CI, 0.70-0.83), however, no significant changes were observed when serum calcium was above the median. Similar L-shaped associations were detected for serum calcium with the risk of CVD mortality with a 25% reduction in the risk of CVD death per 0.1 mmol/L higher serum calcium below the median (HR: 0.75, 95% CI, 0.65-0.86).
UNASSIGNED: L-shaped associations of serum calcium with all-cause and CVD mortality were observed in US adults, and hypocalcemia was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.
UNASSIGNED: This prospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). All-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality were obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Survey-weighted multivariate Cox regression was performed to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for the associations of calcium levels with risks of mortality. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to examine the non-linear association of calcium levels with all-cause and disease-specific mortality.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 51,042 individuals were included in the current study. During an average of 9.7 years of follow-up, 7,592 all-cause deaths were identified, including 2,391 CVD deaths and 1,641 cancer deaths. Compared with participants in the first quartile (Q1) of serum calcium level [≤2.299 mmol/L], the risk of all-cause mortality was lower for participants in the second quartile (Q2) [2.300-2.349 mmol/L], the third quartile (Q3) [2.350-2.424 mmol/L] and the fourth quartile (Q4) [≥2.425 mmol/L] with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74-0.88), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71-0.86), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.88). Similar associations were observed for CVD mortality, with HRs of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.95), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.74-1.02), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72, 0.97) in Q2-Q4 quartile. Furthermore, the L-shaped non-linear associations were detected for serum calcium with the risk of all-cause mortality. Below the median of 2.350 mmol/L, per 0.1 mmol/L higher serum calcium was associated with a 24% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.76, 95% CI, 0.70-0.83), however, no significant changes were observed when serum calcium was above the median. Similar L-shaped associations were detected for serum calcium with the risk of CVD mortality with a 25% reduction in the risk of CVD death per 0.1 mmol/L higher serum calcium below the median (HR: 0.75, 95% CI, 0.65-0.86).
UNASSIGNED: L-shaped associations of serum calcium with all-cause and CVD mortality were observed in US adults, and hypocalcemia was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.
摘要：
未经证实：钙参与许多生物过程，但很少研究血清钙水平对一般人群长期死亡率的影响.
UNASSIGNED：这项前瞻性队列研究分析了来自国家健康和营养检查调查（1999-2018）的数据。全因死亡率,心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率，癌症死亡率是通过与国家死亡指数挂钩获得的。进行调查加权多变量Cox回归，以计算钙水平与死亡风险的关联的风险比（HR）和95％保密间隔（CI）。进行了限制性三次样条分析，以检查钙水平与全因死亡率和疾病特异性死亡率的非线性关联。
未经评估：本研究共纳入51,042人。在平均9.7年的随访中，确定了7592例全因死亡，包括2391例心血管疾病死亡和1641例癌症死亡。与参与者血清钙水平[≤2.299mmol/L]的第一四分位数（Q1）相比，第二个四分位数（Q2）的参与者的全因死亡风险较低[2.300-2.349mmol/L]，第三四分位数（Q3）[2.350-2.424mmol/L]和第四四分位数（Q4）[≥2.425mmol/L]，多变量调整HR为0.81（95％CI，0.74-0.88），0.78（95%CI，0.71-0.86），和0.80（95%CI，0.73，0.88）。对于CVD死亡率观察到类似的关联，HR为0.82（95%CI，0.71-0.95），0.87（95%CI，0.74-1.02），第二季度至第四季度四分位数为0.83（95%CI，0.72，0.97）。此外，检测到血清钙与全因死亡风险的L型非线性关联.低于2.350mmol/L的中位数，血清钙每0.1mmol/L升高与全因死亡率风险降低24%相关(HR:0.76,95%CI,0.70-0.83),然而,当血清钙高于中位数时,未观察到显著变化.检测到血清钙与CVD死亡风险的类似L形关联，每0.1mmol/L血清钙低于中位数，CVD死亡风险降低25%(HR:0.75,95%CI,0.65-0.86)。
未经证实：在美国成年人中观察到血清钙与全因死亡率和CVD死亡率的L形关联，低钙血症与全因死亡率和CVD死亡率的高风险相关.
UNASSIGNED：这项前瞻性队列研究分析了来自国家健康和营养检查调查（1999-2018）的数据。全因死亡率,心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率，癌症死亡率是通过与国家死亡指数挂钩获得的。进行调查加权多变量Cox回归，以计算钙水平与死亡风险的关联的风险比（HR）和95％保密间隔（CI）。进行了限制性三次样条分析，以检查钙水平与全因死亡率和疾病特异性死亡率的非线性关联。
未经评估：本研究共纳入51,042人。在平均9.7年的随访中，确定了7592例全因死亡，包括2391例心血管疾病死亡和1641例癌症死亡。与参与者血清钙水平[≤2.299mmol/L]的第一四分位数（Q1）相比，第二个四分位数（Q2）的参与者的全因死亡风险较低[2.300-2.349mmol/L]，第三四分位数（Q3）[2.350-2.424mmol/L]和第四四分位数（Q4）[≥2.425mmol/L]，多变量调整HR为0.81（95％CI，0.74-0.88），0.78（95%CI，0.71-0.86），和0.80（95%CI，0.73，0.88）。对于CVD死亡率观察到类似的关联，HR为0.82（95%CI，0.71-0.95），0.87（95%CI，0.74-1.02），第二季度至第四季度四分位数为0.83（95%CI，0.72，0.97）。此外，检测到血清钙与全因死亡风险的L型非线性关联.低于2.350mmol/L的中位数，血清钙每0.1mmol/L升高与全因死亡率风险降低24%相关(HR:0.76,95%CI,0.70-0.83),然而,当血清钙高于中位数时,未观察到显著变化.检测到血清钙与CVD死亡风险的类似L形关联，每0.1mmol/L血清钙低于中位数，CVD死亡风险降低25%(HR:0.75,95%CI,0.65-0.86)。
未经证实：在美国成年人中观察到血清钙与全因死亡率和CVD死亡率的L形关联，低钙血症与全因死亡率和CVD死亡率的高风险相关.
