Abstract：
Utilizing metabolomics, a tool for measuring and characterizing low-molecular-weight substances (LMWs), to identify eventual changes in response to dietary intervention is novel in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition characterized by retention of uremic solutes. This study aims to assess the serum metabolomic profile of cats in early stages of CKD and to compare the serum metabolomic of CKD cats after 60 days of a renal diet to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention on these metabolites. Twenty-five domestic cats were included in the study. Fifteen cats with CKD stages 1 (n = 6) and 2 (n = 9) according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) were included in the renal groups, and a control group consisting of 10 cats was included. All animals were enrolled on a maintenance diet for 30 days before the experimental period. The metabolomics analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on Metaboanalyst 4.0 software. Forty-three metabolites were identified. Citric acid and monostearin were altered in the CKD2 group when compared to CKD1 and the control group at T0. A total of seven serum metabolites differed after 60 days of the renal diet: glycine, fructose, glutamic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, creatinine, and urea. Changes were seen in the serum metabolomic profile after 60 days of the renal diet, and some of the metabolites that changed in response to the diet have beneficial effects on health. Overall, metabolomics markers have the potential to identify early stages of CKD, providing insights into the possible pathophysiologic processes that contribute to the development and progression of CKD.
摘要：
利用代谢组学，用于测量和表征低分子量物质（LMW）的工具，为了确定对饮食干预的反应的最终变化在患有慢性肾病(CKD)的猫中是新颖的，一种以尿毒症溶质保留为特征的病症。这项研究旨在评估CKD早期猫的血清代谢组学概况，并比较肾脏饮食60天后CKD猫的血清代谢组学，以评估饮食干预对这些代谢产物的影响。研究中包括25只家猫。根据国际肾脏权益协会（IRIS），15只CKD阶段1（n=6）和2（n=9）的猫被纳入肾脏组。包括由10只猫组成的对照组。所有动物在实验期前30天进行维持饮食。代谢组学分析通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行。在Metabanalyst4.0软件上进行偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)。鉴定了43种代谢物。在T0时，与CKD1和对照组相比，CKD2组的柠檬酸和单硬脂酸甘油酯发生了变化。肾脏饮食60天后，总共有7种血清代谢物不同：甘氨酸，果糖,谷氨酸，花生四烯酸,硬脂酸,肌酐,和尿素。肾脏饮食60天后血清代谢组学变化，一些因饮食而改变的代谢物对健康有有益的影响。总的来说,代谢组学标记物具有识别CKD早期阶段的潜力，提供对CKD发生发展的可能病理生理过程的见解。
