Abstract：
Volitional yoga breathing techniques influence several physiological functions depending on the changes made in depth of breathing, relative duration of exhalation to inhalation, and breath frequency. The practice guidelines for three routinely practiced and researched yoga breathing practices (bhastrika pranayama [bellows breath], bhramari pranayama [bee breath], and kapalabhati pranayama [breath of fire]) were compared between the traditional written texts (i.e., Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita) and published research indexed in PubMed (a total of 73 studies; 25 on bhastrika pranayama, 17 on bhramari pranayama, and 31 on kapalabhati pranayama). We compared the specifications for posture, time of day, location, and duration of practice; frequency, depth, and holding (kumbhaka) of the breath; speed and/or force and right or left nostril use for inhalation and exhalation; duration of inhalation relative to exhalation; thoracic or diaphragmatic breathing (or comparable terms in the traditional texts); mental state; physiological locks (bandhas) ; and hand gestures (mudras). Differences between the practice guidelines in the traditional texts and published research with respect to the depth of b reathing (bhastrika pranayama), relative breath phase duration (bhramari pranayama), and breath frequency (kapalabhati pranayama) are presented despite the findings being restricted to published studies from a single bibliographic database. Differences in the way yoga breathing is practiced could influence the physiological effects obtained, and differences between methods reported in published studies could make it difficult to summarize the effects of yoga breathing practice across studies.
摘要：
运动瑜伽呼吸技术会影响几种生理功能，这取决于呼吸深度的变化，呼气与吸入的相对持续时间，呼吸频率三种常规练习和研究的瑜伽呼吸练习的练习指南（bhastrikapranayama[波纹管呼吸]，bhramaripranayama[蜜蜂呼吸]，和kapalabhatipranayama[火气])在传统书面文本(即，Hatha瑜伽Pradipika,GherandaSamhita）并在PubMed上发表了研究索引（共73项研究；25项关于bhastrikapranayama，17在bhramaripranayama上，和31在kapalabhatipranayama）。我们比较了姿势的规格，一天的时间,location,和练习的持续时间；频率，深度,和保持（kumbhaka）的呼吸；速度和/或力和右或左鼻孔用于吸气和呼气；相对于呼气的吸气持续时间；胸部或diaphragm肌呼吸（或传统文本中的类似术语）；精神状态；生理锁（bandhas）；和手势（mudras）。传统文本中的实践指南与已发表的研究之间在深度方面的差异（bhastrikapranayama），相对呼吸阶段持续时间（bhramaripranayama），和呼吸频率（kapalabhatipranayama），尽管这些发现仅限于来自单个书目数据库的已发表研究。瑜伽呼吸练习方式的差异可能会影响获得的生理效果，和已发表的研究中报道的方法之间的差异可能使总结瑜伽呼吸练习的影响在整个研究中变得困难。
