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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial chronic disorder of the ocular surface, which leads to symptoms of discomfort and distress. Dry eye disease is a global health concern and is one of the most frequent ocular diseases encountered in an ophthalmology clinic. The estimated prevalence of dry eye disease in the literature ranged from 7.4% to 93.2%. Saudi Arabia\'s population, especially in the eastern province, is at great risk of developing dry eye disease, however, there is hardly any nationwide study that assesses the prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population and its risk factors.
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease and determine its risk factors among the general population of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on the general population of Saudi Arabia between September 2022 and November 2022. A convenient sampling technique was deployed for participant recruitment, where a self-administered questionnaire was created and dispersed to the general population all over the country with an invitation to participate in the study. Dry eye disease prevalence was assessed using Ocular Surface Disease Index survey. The Chi-square test was used to test for factors associated with the prevalence of dry eye disease, and undiagnosed dry eye disease. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to determine risk factors for dry eye disease.
RESULTS: A total of 1,381 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population of Saudi Arabia was observed to be (17.5%). Among the participants (11%) had mild dry eye disease, (4.7%) had moderate dry eye disease, and (1.7%) had a severe dry eye disease. Among those observed to have a dry eye disease, (58.09%) were not previously diagnosed. The following factors were observed to be significantly associated with having dry eye disease, being female, having thyroid disease, having systemic lupus erythematosus/rheumatoid arthritis, using antidepressants, using antihistamine/decongestants, using electronic devices for a prolonged time, using contact lenses, having a history of eye surgery, history of conjunctival/eyelid infection, and history corneal abrasions/erosions/ulceration.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population of Saudi Arabia is notably lower than what was observed in other local studies and similar to what was found in some global studies. Adjusted binary multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk factors were only: being female, using antidepressants, using antihistamines/decongestants, and prolonged use of electronic devices.
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease and determine its risk factors among the general population of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on the general population of Saudi Arabia between September 2022 and November 2022. A convenient sampling technique was deployed for participant recruitment, where a self-administered questionnaire was created and dispersed to the general population all over the country with an invitation to participate in the study. Dry eye disease prevalence was assessed using Ocular Surface Disease Index survey. The Chi-square test was used to test for factors associated with the prevalence of dry eye disease, and undiagnosed dry eye disease. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to determine risk factors for dry eye disease.
RESULTS: A total of 1,381 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population of Saudi Arabia was observed to be (17.5%). Among the participants (11%) had mild dry eye disease, (4.7%) had moderate dry eye disease, and (1.7%) had a severe dry eye disease. Among those observed to have a dry eye disease, (58.09%) were not previously diagnosed. The following factors were observed to be significantly associated with having dry eye disease, being female, having thyroid disease, having systemic lupus erythematosus/rheumatoid arthritis, using antidepressants, using antihistamine/decongestants, using electronic devices for a prolonged time, using contact lenses, having a history of eye surgery, history of conjunctival/eyelid infection, and history corneal abrasions/erosions/ulceration.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the prevalence of dry eye disease among the general population of Saudi Arabia is notably lower than what was observed in other local studies and similar to what was found in some global studies. Adjusted binary multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk factors were only: being female, using antidepressants, using antihistamines/decongestants, and prolonged use of electronic devices.
摘要：
背景：干眼病是一种多因素的眼表慢性疾病，导致不适和痛苦的症状。干眼症是全球健康关注的问题,并且是眼科诊所中遇到的最常见的眼部疾病之一。文献中估计的干眼症患病率为7.4%至93.2%。沙特阿拉伯的人口,尤其是在东部省份，患干眼病的风险很大，然而,几乎没有任何全国性的研究来评估干眼症在普通人群中的患病率及其危险因素。
目的：目的是评估沙特阿拉伯普通人群中干眼症的患病率并确定其危险因素。
方法：本研究是在2022年9月至2022年11月期间对沙特阿拉伯普通人群进行的横断面研究。为参与者招募部署了一种方便的抽样技术，创建了一份自我管理的问卷，并邀请全国各地的普通民众参与研究。使用眼表疾病指数调查评估干眼症患病率。卡方检验用于检验与干眼症患病率相关的因素,和未确诊的干眼症。多因素logistic回归也用于确定干眼症的危险因素。
结果：本研究共纳入1,381名参与者。观察到沙特阿拉伯普通人群中干眼症的患病率为（17.5％）。在参与者中（11％）患有轻度干眼病，（4.7%）有中度干眼症，（1.7％）患有严重的干眼病。在那些观察到患有干眼症的人中，（58.09％）以前未诊断。观察到以下因素与干眼症显着相关，作为女性，患有甲状腺疾病，患有系统性红斑狼疮/类风湿性关节炎，使用抗抑郁药，使用抗组胺剂/减充血剂，长时间使用电子设备，使用隐形眼镜，有眼科手术史,结膜/眼睑感染史，角膜擦伤/糜烂/溃疡病史。
结论：这项研究表明，沙特阿拉伯普通人群中干眼病的患病率明显低于其他地方研究中观察到的患病率，与一些全球研究中发现的相似。调整后的二元多变量逻辑回归显示，危险因素只有：女性，使用抗抑郁药，使用抗组胺药/减充血药，和电子设备的长期使用。
目的：目的是评估沙特阿拉伯普通人群中干眼症的患病率并确定其危险因素。
方法：本研究是在2022年9月至2022年11月期间对沙特阿拉伯普通人群进行的横断面研究。为参与者招募部署了一种方便的抽样技术，创建了一份自我管理的问卷，并邀请全国各地的普通民众参与研究。使用眼表疾病指数调查评估干眼症患病率。卡方检验用于检验与干眼症患病率相关的因素,和未确诊的干眼症。多因素logistic回归也用于确定干眼症的危险因素。
结果：本研究共纳入1,381名参与者。观察到沙特阿拉伯普通人群中干眼症的患病率为（17.5％）。在参与者中（11％）患有轻度干眼病，（4.7%）有中度干眼症，（1.7％）患有严重的干眼病。在那些观察到患有干眼症的人中，（58.09％）以前未诊断。观察到以下因素与干眼症显着相关，作为女性，患有甲状腺疾病，患有系统性红斑狼疮/类风湿性关节炎，使用抗抑郁药，使用抗组胺剂/减充血剂，长时间使用电子设备，使用隐形眼镜，有眼科手术史,结膜/眼睑感染史，角膜擦伤/糜烂/溃疡病史。
结论：这项研究表明，沙特阿拉伯普通人群中干眼病的患病率明显低于其他地方研究中观察到的患病率，与一些全球研究中发现的相似。调整后的二元多变量逻辑回归显示，危险因素只有：女性，使用抗抑郁药，使用抗组胺药/减充血药，和电子设备的长期使用。
