Abstract：
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by human activities not only brings about a serious greenhouse effect but also accelerates global climate change. This has resulted in extreme climate hazards that can obstruct human development in the near future. Hence, there is an urgent need to achieve carbon neutrality by increasing negative emissions. The ocean plays a vital role in absorbing and sequestering CO2. Current research on marine carbon storage and sink enhancement mainly focuses on biological carbon sequestration using carbon sinks (macroalgae, shellfish, and fisheries). However, seawater inorganic carbon accounts for more than 95 % of the total carbon in marine carbon storage. Increasing total alkalinity at a constant dissolved inorganic carbon shifts the balance of existing seawater carbonate system and prompts a greater absorption of atmospheric CO2, thereby increasing the ocean\'s \"carbon sink\". This review explores two main mechanisms (i.e., enhanced weathering and ocean alkalinization) and materials (e.g., silicate rocks, metal oxides, and metal hydroxides) that regulate marine chemical carbon sink (MCCS). This work also compares MCCS with other terrestrial and marine carbon sinks and discusses the implementation of MCCS, including the following aspects: chemical reaction rate, cost, and possible ecological and environmental impacts.
摘要：
人类活动排放的二氧化碳（CO2）不仅带来了严重的温室效应，而且加速了全球气候变化。这导致了极端的气候危险，可能会在不久的将来阻碍人类的发展。因此，迫切需要通过增加负排放来实现碳中和。海洋在吸收和封存二氧化碳方面起着至关重要的作用。当前关于海洋碳储存和碳汇增强的研究主要集中在使用碳汇（大型藻类，贝类,和渔业）。然而,海水无机碳占海洋碳储量总碳的95%以上。在恒定的溶解无机碳下增加总碱度会改变现有海水碳酸盐系统的平衡，并促使大气CO2的吸收更大，从而增加海洋的“碳汇”。这篇综述探讨了两个主要机制(即，增强的风化和海洋碱化)和材料(例如，硅酸盐岩石,金属氧化物，和金属氢氧化物)，调节海洋化学碳汇(MCCS)。这项工作还将MCCS与其他陆地和海洋碳汇进行了比较，并讨论了MCCS的实施，包括以下几个方面:化学反应速率,成本,以及可能的生态和环境影响。
