Abstract：
Microscopic traits and ultrastructure of hair such as cross-sectional shape, pigmentation, curvature, and internal structure help determine the level of variations between and across human populations. Apart from cosmetics and anthropological applications, such as determining species, somatic origin (body area), and biogeographic ancestry, the evidential value of hair has increased with rapid progression in the area of forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP). Individuals differ in the features of their scalp hair (greying, shape, colour, balding, thickness, and density) and facial hair (eyebrow thickness, monobrow, and beard thickness) features. Scalp and facial hair characteristics are genetically controlled and lead to visible inter-individual variations within and among populations of various ethnic origins. Hence, these characteristics can be exploited and made more inclusive in FDP, thereby leading to more comprehensive, accurate, and robust prediction models for forensic purposes. The present article focuses on understanding the genetics of scalp and facial hair characteristics with the goal to develop a more inclusive approach to better understand hair biology by integrating hair microscopy with genetics for genotype-phenotype correlation research.
摘要：
头发的微观特征和超微结构，如横截面形状，色素沉着,曲率,和内部结构有助于确定人群之间和人群之间的差异水平。除了化妆品和人类学应用，比如确定物种，躯体起源（身体面积），和生物地理祖先，在法医DNA表型（FDP）领域，头发的证据价值随着快速发展而增加。个人在头皮头发的特征上有所不同(灰色，形状,颜色,秃顶,厚度,和密度)和面部毛发(眉毛厚度，monobrow,和胡须厚度）特征。头皮和面部毛发特征受到遗传控制，并导致各种种族起源的人群内部和人群之间可见的个体间差异。因此，这些特征可以在FDP中得到利用并更具包容性，从而导致更全面的，准确,和用于取证目的的稳健预测模型。本文的重点是了解头皮和面部毛发特征的遗传学，目的是通过将毛发显微镜与遗传学结合起来进行基因型-表型相关性研究，开发一种更具包容性的方法来更好地了解毛发生物学。
