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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of root caries is increasing globally, especially in the elderly population, and even though the number of patients with root caries lesions is augmenting, there are still many discrepancies in how dentists manage this condition. The present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate how dentists diagnose, record and manage root caries lesions, and to verify the validity and reliability of this questionnaire.
METHODS: An expert panel developed a self-administered questionnaire survey with three domains: (1) dentists\' knowledge on diagnosis, recording, and managing root caries; (2) information about their current general clinical routines; (3) their demographics. The original English [E] version was translated into three different languages (French [F], German [G], Italian [I]), and subsequently back-translated into English by independent dentists. For the validation, 82 dentists (20-22 for each of the translated versions) accepted to answer the questionnaire at two different time-points (with 1-week interval). The data was quality checked. Construct validity, internal reliability, and intra-class correlation (ICC) were assessed.
RESULTS: Seventy-seven dentists completed the questionnaire twice [E: 17; F: 19; G: 19; I: 22]. The mean ICC (standard deviation) was 0.98(0.03) for E, 0.90(0.12) for F, 0.98 (0.04) for G, and 0.98 (0.01) for I. Overall, the test-retest reliability was excellent (mean ICC (SD): 0.96 (0.08)). Furthermore, the questionnaire demonstrated good internal reliability (inter-observer reliability; Fleiss kappa: overall:0.27(fair); E:0.30 (fair); F: 0.33(fair); G: 0.33(fair); I: 0.89 (almost perfect)).
CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire was validated and is suitable to be used in the four languages to assess the knowledge of dentists on diagnosing, recording and managing root caries.
CONCLUSIONS: The present questionnaire was validated and seems to be a good tool to evaluate how dentists diagnose, record, and manage root caries lesions both in its original (English) and its translated (French, German, and Italian) versions.
METHODS: An expert panel developed a self-administered questionnaire survey with three domains: (1) dentists\' knowledge on diagnosis, recording, and managing root caries; (2) information about their current general clinical routines; (3) their demographics. The original English [E] version was translated into three different languages (French [F], German [G], Italian [I]), and subsequently back-translated into English by independent dentists. For the validation, 82 dentists (20-22 for each of the translated versions) accepted to answer the questionnaire at two different time-points (with 1-week interval). The data was quality checked. Construct validity, internal reliability, and intra-class correlation (ICC) were assessed.
RESULTS: Seventy-seven dentists completed the questionnaire twice [E: 17; F: 19; G: 19; I: 22]. The mean ICC (standard deviation) was 0.98(0.03) for E, 0.90(0.12) for F, 0.98 (0.04) for G, and 0.98 (0.01) for I. Overall, the test-retest reliability was excellent (mean ICC (SD): 0.96 (0.08)). Furthermore, the questionnaire demonstrated good internal reliability (inter-observer reliability; Fleiss kappa: overall:0.27(fair); E:0.30 (fair); F: 0.33(fair); G: 0.33(fair); I: 0.89 (almost perfect)).
CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire was validated and is suitable to be used in the four languages to assess the knowledge of dentists on diagnosing, recording and managing root caries.
CONCLUSIONS: The present questionnaire was validated and seems to be a good tool to evaluate how dentists diagnose, record, and manage root caries lesions both in its original (English) and its translated (French, German, and Italian) versions.
摘要：
目的：根龋的患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势，尤其是老年人口，尽管根龋病变的患者数量在增加，牙医如何管理这种情况仍然存在许多差异。本研究旨在开发和验证问卷，以评估牙医如何诊断，记录和管理根部龋齿病变，并验证了本问卷的有效性和可靠性。
方法：一个专家小组开发了一个自我管理的问卷调查，包括三个领域：(1)牙医的诊断知识，录音,和管理根面龋；（2）有关其当前一般临床常规的信息；（3）其人口统计学。最初的英语[E]版本被翻译成三种不同的语言(法语[F]，德语[G],意大利语[I]),随后由独立牙医翻译成英文。对于验证，82名牙医（每个翻译版本为20-22）接受在两个不同时间点（间隔1周）回答问卷。对数据进行质量检查。构造效度，内部可靠性，和类内相关性（ICC）进行评估。
结果：77名牙医两次填写问卷[E：17;F：19;G：19;I：22]。E的平均ICC（标准偏差）为0.98（0.03），F为0.90（0.12），0.98（0.04）对于G，I.和0.98（0.01），总体而言，测试-重测可靠性优异(平均ICC(SD):0.96(0.08)).此外，问卷显示出良好的内部可靠性（观察者间可靠性；Fleisskappa：总体：0.27（公平）；E：0.30（公平）；F：0.33（公平）；G：0.33（公平）；I：0.89（几乎完美））。
结论：问卷经过验证，适合以四种语言使用，以评估牙医的诊断知识，记录和管理根面龋齿。
结论：本问卷经过验证，似乎是评估牙医如何诊断的好工具，记录,并管理根龋病变的原始(英语)和翻译(法语，德语,和意大利语）版本。
方法：一个专家小组开发了一个自我管理的问卷调查，包括三个领域：(1)牙医的诊断知识，录音,和管理根面龋；（2）有关其当前一般临床常规的信息；（3）其人口统计学。最初的英语[E]版本被翻译成三种不同的语言(法语[F]，德语[G],意大利语[I]),随后由独立牙医翻译成英文。对于验证，82名牙医（每个翻译版本为20-22）接受在两个不同时间点（间隔1周）回答问卷。对数据进行质量检查。构造效度，内部可靠性，和类内相关性（ICC）进行评估。
结果：77名牙医两次填写问卷[E：17;F：19;G：19;I：22]。E的平均ICC（标准偏差）为0.98（0.03），F为0.90（0.12），0.98（0.04）对于G，I.和0.98（0.01），总体而言，测试-重测可靠性优异(平均ICC(SD):0.96(0.08)).此外，问卷显示出良好的内部可靠性（观察者间可靠性；Fleisskappa：总体：0.27（公平）；E：0.30（公平）；F：0.33（公平）；G：0.33（公平）；I：0.89（几乎完美））。
结论：问卷经过验证，适合以四种语言使用，以评估牙医的诊断知识，记录和管理根面龋齿。
结论：本问卷经过验证，似乎是评估牙医如何诊断的好工具，记录,并管理根龋病变的原始(英语)和翻译(法语，德语,和意大利语）版本。
