Abstract：
Population expansion and improving living standards, particularly in developed nations, have led to an increase in the usage of domestic electrical equipment, worldwide energy consumption, and CO2 emissions per capita. To limit the usage of non-reusable components and the amount of garbage that must be transferred at the end of a product\'s life cycle, longer-lasting electrical domestic appliances are a pillar of the circular economy. In recent years, the complexity of printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in the manufacture of modern electrical devices has increased, leading to an increase in device failures. This study focuses on the maintenance and recycling of domestic electrical appliance components and printed circuit boards. The proposed methodology for PCB repair is defined as a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) problem implemented in MATLAB environment and successfully tested to a variety of domestic appliances such as refrigerator, dishwasher and washing machine. The possibility of recycling metal parts of electronic components, which were replaced after PCBs\' repair was also studied. Metals\' percentage concentration of PCB electronic components for three customer\'s budgets considering metals and valuable metals recovery as given from the corresponding average metal recovery and calculated from different recycling procedures presented in the literature. The results of the proposed procedure in terms of valuable metals gave 38.4078 ppm of silver. We also compared the suggested procedure with other works in terms of environmental perspective considering four measures, namely the gross energy requirement (GER), the global warming potential (GWP), the acidification potential (AP), and the solid waste burden (SWB). In terms of economic perspective and considering the existence of silver (Ag) in the electronic components, the recommended method gave comparable amount of money. Finally, a comparison of different recycling works from a technical viewpoint is also conducted. Moreover, a reparability index of domestic electrical appliances is introduced to further quantify the results of the proposed algorithm.
摘要：
人口膨胀,生活水平提高,特别是在发达国家，导致家用电气设备的使用量增加，全球能源消耗,人均二氧化碳排放量。为了限制不可重用组件的使用以及在产品生命周期结束时必须转移的垃圾数量，更耐用的家用电器是循环经济的支柱。近年来,用于制造现代电气设备的印刷电路板（PCB）的复杂性增加了，导致设备故障的增加。这项研究的重点是家用电器元件和印刷电路板的维护和回收。所提出的PCB修复方法被定义为在MATLAB环境中实现的顺序二次规划（SQP）问题，并成功地测试了各种家用电器，如冰箱，洗碗机和洗衣机。回收电子元件金属零件的可能性，还研究了多氯联苯修复后更换的材料。三个客户预算中PCB电子元件的金属百分比浓度，考虑到金属和贵重金属回收率，根据相应的平均金属回收率给出，并根据文献中介绍的不同回收程序计算。就有价值的金属而言,所提出的程序的结果给出38.4078ppm的银。我们还从环境角度将建议的程序与其他工程进行了比较，考虑了四项措施，即总能源需求(GER)，全球变暖潜能值(GWP)酸化潜力(AP)，和固体废物负担(SWB)。从经济角度考虑，并考虑到银（Ag）在电子元件中的存在，推荐的方法提供了可比的金额。最后,还从技术角度对不同的回收工程进行了比较。此外，引入了家用电器的可修复性指标，以进一步量化所提出的算法的结果。
