Abstract：
Marinas are hubs for non-indigenous species (NIS) and constitute the nodes of a network of highly modified water bodies (HMWB) connected by recreational maritime traffic. Floating structures, such as pontoons, are often the surfaces with higher NIS abundance inside marinas and lead the risk for NIS introduction, establishment and spread. However, there is still little information on how the location within the marina and the substratum type can influence the recruitment of fouling assemblages depending on water parameters and substratum chemical composition. In this study, fouling recruitment was studied using an experimental approach with three materials (basalt, concrete and HDPE plastic) in two sites (close and far to the entrance) in two marinas of Madeira Island (NE Atlantic, Portugal). The structure of benthic assemblages after 6- and 12-months colonization, as well as biotic abundance, NIS abundance, richness, diversity, assemblages\' volume, biomass and assemblages\' morphology were explored. Differences between marinas were the main source of variation for both 6- and 12-month assemblages, with both marinas having different species composition and biomass. The inner and outer sites of both marinas varied in terms of structure and heterogeneity of assemblages and heterogeneity of morphological traits, but assemblages did not differ among substrata. However, basalt had a higher species richness and diversity while concrete showed a higher bioreceptivity in terms of total biotic coverage than the rest of materials. Overall, differences between and within marinas could be related to their structural morphology. This study can be valuable for management of urban ecosystems, towards an increase in the environmental and ecological status of existing marinas and their HMWB and mitigation coastal ecosystems degradation.
摘要：
Marinas是非本地物种（NIS）的枢纽，并构成了通过休闲海上交通连接的高度改性水体（HMWB）网络的节点。浮动结构,比如浮桥，通常是码头内NIS丰度较高的表面，并导致NIS引入的风险，建立和传播。然而,关于码头内的位置和基质类型如何根据水参数和基质化学组成影响污垢组合的募集的信息仍然很少。在这项研究中,使用三种材料(玄武岩，混凝土和HDPE塑料）在马德拉岛（东北大西洋，葡萄牙)。6个月和12个月定植后底栖组合的结构，以及生物丰度，NIS丰富，丰富,多样性,组合\'卷，生物量和组合形态进行了探索。码头之间的差异是6个月和12个月组合的主要变异来源，两个码头都有不同的物种组成和生物量。两个码头的内部和外部位置在结构和组合的异质性以及形态性状的异质性方面都有所不同，但组合之间没有差异。然而,玄武岩具有更高的物种丰富度和多样性，而混凝土在总生物覆盖率方面比其他材料具有更高的生物容受性。总的来说,码头之间和码头内部的差异可能与其结构形态有关。这项研究对城市生态系统的管理有价值，以提高现有码头及其HMWB的环境和生态状况，并缓解沿海生态系统的退化。
