PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Previous research on pre-COVID-19 pandemic rising White mortality in the United States suggests that White Americans\' perceived decline in relative group status may have influenced worsening mortality. In conjunction with other social and economic indicators, social status threat is one determinant of this population-level health shift, yet it is unclear how perceptions of status threat shape individual health outcomes. Because of this, we sought to identify and synthesize research studies across disciplines that broadly explored how perceived threats to White Americans\' social status affect their health. Our research objectives were to (1) examine how status threat (and related constructs) have been measured across the health and social sciences, (2) determine which health outcomes and behaviors are related to status threat, and (3) identify gaps in the existing knowledge base. We systematically searched six multidisciplinary databases. Only 12 studies met inclusion criteria, suggesting that status threat and Whites\' health is an understudied topic that warrants continued investigation. Furthermore, there was inconsistency in how threats to status were measured and conceptualized across disciplines. Threat-related indicators evaluated changes in Democratic or Republican vote share, perceived racial treatment, financial status, personal identification with political party affiliation, perceptions of hypothetical \"majority-minority\" population shifts, racial awareness, and subjective social status. Studies primarily relied on self-rated measures of overall health, mental health status, and social determinants of health. Consequently, there is a gap in the literature concerning which specific health outcomes (besides mortality) are directly affected by status threat. Overall, included studies demonstrated that Whites\' can experience negative health effects when they perceive threats in societal conditions, within their interpersonal social experiences, or related to their individual social standing. Moving forward, researchers should consider how Whites\' beliefs about their position within social hierarchies potentially affect individual and group-level health outcomes.
摘要：
先前关于COVID-19大流行前美国白人死亡率上升的研究表明，美国白人相对群体地位的下降可能影响了死亡率的恶化。结合其他社会经济指标，社会地位威胁是这种人口层面健康转变的决定因素之一，然而,目前尚不清楚对状态威胁的认知如何影响个体的健康结果.正因为如此,我们试图识别和综合跨学科的研究，这些研究广泛探讨了对美国白人社会地位的感知威胁如何影响他们的健康。我们的研究目标是（1）检查如何在健康和社会科学中测量状态威胁（和相关结构），（2）确定哪些健康结果和行为与状态威胁有关，(3)找出现有知识库中的差距。我们系统地检索了六个多学科数据库。只有12项研究符合纳入标准，这表明地位威胁和白人健康是一个未被研究的话题，值得继续调查。此外，如何衡量和概念化跨学科对地位的威胁存在不一致。与威胁相关的指标评估了民主党或共和党投票份额的变化，感知的种族待遇，财务状况,个人认同政党隶属关系，对假设的“多数-少数群体”人口转移的看法，种族意识,主观社会地位。研究主要依赖于整体健康状况的自我评估，心理健康状况,和健康的社会决定因素。因此,关于哪些特定的健康结局(除死亡率外)受到状态威胁的直接影响,文献中存在差距.总的来说,包括的研究表明，当白人感知到社会条件下的威胁时，他们会经历负面的健康影响，在他们的人际社会经验中，或者与他们个人的社会地位有关。往前走,研究人员应该考虑白人对他们在社会等级制度中的地位的信念如何可能影响个人和群体层面的健康结果。
