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Abstract：
Food-producing animals, including dairy cattle, are potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. However, there is limited data on antimicrobial use and the selection of resistant bacteria. Therefore, we investigated the association between antimicrobial use and resistance to mastitis pathogens using 2016 data from milk samples collected from cows with mastitis in 134 dairy farms in Chiba Prefecture, one of the principal dairy production prefectures in Japan. We recorded the antimicrobial use and isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing coliforms (E. coli and Klebsiella spp.), and used the antimicrobial treatment incidence (ATI; the theoretical number of animals per 1000 animal-days subjected to antimicrobial treatment) to indicate antimicrobial use on each farm. The farms in which MRS or ESBL-producing coliforms were isolated from at least one mastitic milk sample were classified as antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-positive, and those in which neither MRS nor ESBL-producing coliforms were isolated were classified as AMR-negative. The AMR-positive farms showed a significantly higher ATI (median 45.17) than AMR-negative farms (median 38.40). The results indicate that high antimicrobial usage is associated with AMR in staphylococci and coliforms isolated from mastitic milk on dairy farms in Chiba Prefecture.
摘要：
生产食品的动物,包括奶牛,是抗生素耐药性的潜在储库。然而,关于抗菌药物使用和耐药细菌选择的数据有限。因此,我们使用2016年从千叶县134个奶牛场的乳腺炎奶牛收集的牛奶样本中收集的数据，调查了抗菌药物使用与乳房炎病原体耐药性之间的关系，日本主要的乳制品生产县之一。我们记录了抗菌药的使用和耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠杆菌的分离（E。大肠杆菌和克雷伯菌属。),并使用抗微生物治疗发生率（ATI；每1000动物天接受抗微生物治疗的理论动物数量）来指示每个农场的抗微生物使用情况。从至少一个乳汁样本中分离出产生MRS或ESBL的大肠杆菌的农场被归类为抗菌素耐药性（AMR）阳性，并且未分离出产生MRS和ESBL的大肠杆菌的那些被分类为AMR阴性。AMR阳性农场的ATI（中位数45.17）明显高于AMR阴性农场（中位数38.40）。结果表明，从千叶县奶牛场的乳汁中分离出的葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌中，高抗菌药物的使用与AMR有关。
