PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Biofilms are cell assemblies embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix formed by microorganisms of a single or many different species. This matrix in which they are embedded protects the bacteria from external influences and antimicrobial effects. The biofilm structure that microorganisms form to protect themselves from harsh environmental conditions and survive is found in nature in many different environments. These environments where biofilm formation occurs have in common that they are in contact with fluids. The gene expression of bacteria in complex biofilm differs from that of bacteria in the planktonic state. The differences in biofilm cell expression are one of the effects of community life. Means of quorum sensing, bacteria can act in coordination with each other. At the same time, while biofilm formation provides many benefits to bacteria, it has positive and negative effects in many different areas. Depending on where they occur, biofilms can cause serious health problems, contamination risks, corrosion, and heat and efficiency losses. However, they can also be used in water treatment plants, bioremediation, and energy production with microbial fuel cells. In this review, the basic steps of biofilm formation and biofilm regulation in the model organism Escherichia coli were discussed. Finally, the methods by which biofilm formation can be detected and monitored were briefly discussed.
摘要：
生物膜是包埋在由单个或许多不同物种的微生物形成的胞外多糖基质中的细胞集合。它们嵌入其中的这种基质保护细菌免受外部影响和抗微生物作用。微生物形成的生物膜结构以保护自己免受恶劣环境条件的影响并在自然界中许多不同的环境中存活。发生生物膜形成的这些环境的共同点是它们与流体接触。细菌在复杂生物膜中的基因表达不同于浮游状态的细菌。生物膜细胞表达的分歧是影响群落性命的身分之一。法定感应的手段，细菌可以相互协调。同时,虽然生物膜的形成为细菌提供了许多益处，它在许多不同领域都有积极和消极的影响。取决于它们发生的地方，生物膜会导致严重的健康问题，污染风险，腐蚀,以及热量和效率损失。然而,它们也可以用于水处理厂，生物修复，和微生物燃料电池的能源生产。在这次审查中,讨论了模型生物大肠杆菌中生物膜形成和生物膜调节的基本步骤。最后,简要讨论了检测和监测生物膜形成的方法。
