PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: We investigated whether the relationship between extroversion and mortality changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
UNASSIGNED: Midlife Americans were surveyed in 1995-96 with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2020. We used a Cox model to estimate age-specific mortality controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, the period trend in mortality, an indicator for the pandemic period (Mar-Dec 2020), extroversion, and an interaction between extroversion and the pandemic indicator.
UNASSIGNED: Prior to the pandemic, extroversion was associated with somewhat lower mortality (HR = 0.93 per SD, 95% CI 0.88-0.97), but the relationship reversed during the pandemic. Extroversion was associated with greater pandemic-related excess mortality (HR = 1.29 per SD, 95% CI 1.002-1.67). That is, compared with persons who were more introverted, those who were highly extroverted suffered a bigger increase in mortality during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic mortality levels.
UNASSIGNED: The slight mortality advantage enjoyed by more extroverted Americans prior to the pandemic disappeared during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We suspect that the mortality benefit of introversion during the pandemic is largely a result of reduced exposure to the risk of infection, but it may also derive in part from the ability of more introverted individuals to adapt more easily to reduced social interaction without engaging in self-destructive behavior (e.g., drug and alcohol abuse).
UNASSIGNED: Midlife Americans were surveyed in 1995-96 with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2020. We used a Cox model to estimate age-specific mortality controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, the period trend in mortality, an indicator for the pandemic period (Mar-Dec 2020), extroversion, and an interaction between extroversion and the pandemic indicator.
UNASSIGNED: Prior to the pandemic, extroversion was associated with somewhat lower mortality (HR = 0.93 per SD, 95% CI 0.88-0.97), but the relationship reversed during the pandemic. Extroversion was associated with greater pandemic-related excess mortality (HR = 1.29 per SD, 95% CI 1.002-1.67). That is, compared with persons who were more introverted, those who were highly extroverted suffered a bigger increase in mortality during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic mortality levels.
UNASSIGNED: The slight mortality advantage enjoyed by more extroverted Americans prior to the pandemic disappeared during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We suspect that the mortality benefit of introversion during the pandemic is largely a result of reduced exposure to the risk of infection, but it may also derive in part from the ability of more introverted individuals to adapt more easily to reduced social interaction without engaging in self-destructive behavior (e.g., drug and alcohol abuse).
摘要：
未经证实：我们调查了在COVID-19大流行期间外向性与死亡率之间的关系是否发生变化。
UNASSIGNED：在1995-96年对中年美国人进行了调查，死亡率随访至2020年12月31日。我们使用Cox模型来估计控制性别的特定年龄死亡率，种族/民族,死亡率的阶段性趋势，大流行时期的指标（2020年3月至12月），外向,以及外向和大流行指标之间的相互作用。
未经批准：在大流行之前，外向性与较低的死亡率相关(HR=0.93/SD,95%CI0.88-0.97），但是在大流行期间，这种关系发生了逆转。外向性与更大的大流行相关的超额死亡率相关(HR=1.29/SD,95%CI1.002-1.67）。也就是说,与更内向的人相比，相对于大流行前的死亡率水平，高度外向的人在大流行期间的死亡率增加更大。
未经证实：在COVID-19大流行的前10个月，更多外向的美国人在大流行前享有的轻微死亡率优势消失了。我们怀疑，在大流行期间内向的死亡率益处很大程度上是由于感染风险降低的结果，但它也可能部分源于更内向的个体更容易适应减少的社交互动而不参与自我毁灭行为的能力(例如，药物和酒精滥用)。
UNASSIGNED：在1995-96年对中年美国人进行了调查，死亡率随访至2020年12月31日。我们使用Cox模型来估计控制性别的特定年龄死亡率，种族/民族,死亡率的阶段性趋势，大流行时期的指标（2020年3月至12月），外向,以及外向和大流行指标之间的相互作用。
未经批准：在大流行之前，外向性与较低的死亡率相关(HR=0.93/SD,95%CI0.88-0.97），但是在大流行期间，这种关系发生了逆转。外向性与更大的大流行相关的超额死亡率相关(HR=1.29/SD,95%CI1.002-1.67）。也就是说,与更内向的人相比，相对于大流行前的死亡率水平，高度外向的人在大流行期间的死亡率增加更大。
未经证实：在COVID-19大流行的前10个月，更多外向的美国人在大流行前享有的轻微死亡率优势消失了。我们怀疑，在大流行期间内向的死亡率益处很大程度上是由于感染风险降低的结果，但它也可能部分源于更内向的个体更容易适应减少的社交互动而不参与自我毁灭行为的能力(例如，药物和酒精滥用)。
