Abstract：
Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare disease characterized by cartilaginous metaplasia of the mesenchymal remnants of the synovial membrane with formation of loose cartilaginous nodules. It is prevalent in middle-aged women and the main clinical characteristics are swelling, pain, and limited jaw movements. Diagnosis is difficult, especially in the early stages, because the signs and symptoms are like other TMJ diseases such as internal derangements and tumors. Imaging exams are fundamental in differential diagnosis for detection of synovitis and free cartilaginous bodies. Magnetic resonance imaging with a gadolinium contrast would be of particular interest for this purpose. Treatment involves the removal of the cartilaginous nodules and synovectomy. It can be performed by arthroscopy or arthrotomy depending on the size of the lesion, the number of corpuscles, and the need for auxiliary surgical procedures. Final diagnosis is anatomopathologic. Postoperative follow-up is necessary due to the risk of recurrence.
摘要：
颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病（TMJ）是一种罕见的疾病，其特征是滑膜间充质残余物的软骨化生，形成松散的软骨结节。它普遍存在于中年女性，主要临床特征是肿胀，疼痛,和有限的下巴运动。诊断是困难的，尤其是在早期阶段，因为体征和症状就像其他TMJ疾病，如内部紊乱和肿瘤。影像学检查是鉴别诊断滑膜炎和游离软骨体的基础。为此目的,具有钆对比的磁共振成像将是特别感兴趣的。治疗包括去除软骨结节和滑膜切除术。根据病变的大小，可以通过关节镜或关节切开术进行。小体的数量，以及辅助外科手术的需要。最终诊断为解剖病理学。由于复发的风险，术后随访是必要的。
