PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Current data on antimicrobial resistance in pig production is essential for the follow-up strategic programs to eventually preserve the effectiveness of last-resort antibiotics for humans. Here, we characterized 106 Escherichia coli recovered in routine diagnosis (2020-2022) from fecal sample pigs, belonging to 74 Spanish industrial farms, affected by diarrhea. The analysis of virulence-gene targets associated with pathotypes of E. coli, determined 64 as pathogenic and 42 as commensal. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) performed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, was interpreted by applying breakpoints/cut-off values from the different standards EUCAST/TECOFF 2022, CLSI VET ED5:2020, and CASFM VET2020. Comparisons taking EUCAST as reference exhibited moderate to high correlation except for enrofloxacin, neomycin, and florfenicol. Of note, is the lack of clinical breakpoints for antibiotics of common use in veterinary medicine such as cefquinome, marbofloxacin, or florfenicol. AST results determined multidrug resistance (MDR) to ≥3 antimicrobial categories for 78.3% of the collection, without significant differences in commensal vs pathogenic isolates. Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr) was present in 11.3% of 106 isolates, all of them pathogenic. This means a significant decrease compared to our previous data. Furthermore, 21.7% of the 106 E. coli were ESBL-producers, without differences between commensal and pathogenic isolates, and mcr/ESBL genes co-occurred in 3 isolates. Phylogenetic characterization showed a similar population structure (A, B1, C, D, and E), in both commensal and pathogenic E. coli, but with significant differences for B1, C, and E (38.1 vs 20.3%; 19 vs 1.6%; and 7.1 vs 25%, respectively). Additionally, we identified one B2 isolate of clone O4:H5-B2-ST12 (CH13-223), positive for the uropathogenic (UPEC) status, and in silico predicted as human pathogen. We suggest that a diagnosis workflow based on AST, detection of mcr and ESBL genes, and phylogenetic characterization, would be a useful monitoring tool under a \"One-Health\" perspective.
摘要：
关于养猪生产中抗生素耐药性的最新数据对于后续战略计划至关重要，以最终保持人类最后手段抗生素的有效性。这里,我们鉴定了在常规诊断（2020-2022年）中从粪便样本猪中回收的106个大肠杆菌，属于74个西班牙工业农场，受腹泻影响。与大肠杆菌致病型相关的毒力基因靶标分析,确定64为致病性，42为共生。通过最小抑制浓度（MIC）测定进行抗菌素敏感性测试（AST），通过应用来自不同标准EUCAST/TECOFF2022、CLSIVETED5:2020和CASFMVET2020的断点/截止值来解释。以EUCAST为参考的比较显示，除了恩诺沙星，新霉素,和氟苯尼考.值得注意的是，是缺乏临床断点的常用抗生素在兽药如头孢喹诺，马波沙星,或者氟苯尼考.AST结果确定多药耐药性（MDR）≥3种抗菌药物类别的78.3％的集合，共生与致病分离株没有显着差异。质粒介导的移动粘菌素抗性基因（mcr）在106个分离株中的11.3％存在，所有这些都是致病的。这意味着与我们以前的数据相比显着下降。此外，106个大肠杆菌中有21.7%是ESBL生产者，没有共生和致病分离株之间的差异，和mcr/ESBL基因共同发生在3个分离株中。系统发育特征显示出相似的种群结构（A，B1、C、D,andE),在共生和致病性大肠杆菌中，但B1、C、和E（38.1比20.3%；19比1.6%；7.1比25%，分别)。此外,我们鉴定了克隆O4的一个B2分离物：H5-B2-ST12（CH13-223），尿路致病性（UPEC）状态呈阳性，并在计算机上预测为人类病原体。我们建议基于AST的诊断工作流程，检测MCR和ESBL基因，和系统发育特征，在“单一健康”的视角下，将是一个有用的监测工具。
