Abstract：
Sclerosing adenosis of the prostate (SAP) is a rare benign non-neoplastic small acinar hyperplasia. Like sclerosing adenosis of the breast, which is confused with breast cancer, SAP is a trap in the pathological differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the prostate. We report such a case to help colleagues better distinguish and diagnose such diseases. A 75-year-old patient with SAP had a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of 11.0 ng/mL, and he had been suffering from progressive dysuria for 3 years. The central glandular area and the right periphery of the prostate were found to have nodular low signals on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prostate biopsy showed that basal cells were positive for P63 and P504s, few basal cells were positive for S-100, and the positive rate of Ki67 was approximately 2%. We consider that the possibility of SAP is high. The patient was treated conservatively and was discharged in good health, free of dysuria and other problems. SAP is a rare benign lesion that is easily misdiagnosed as prostate cancer. The prostatic gland tube has a complete basal cell layer surrounding it, as well as myoepithelial cell metaplasia of basal cells, which is a key trait in distinguishing it from prostate cancer. Although the latest research indicates that SAP does not require treatment, the question of whether it is a risk factor for prostate cancer remains unanswered.
摘要：
前列腺硬化性腺病（SAP）是一种罕见的良性非肿瘤性小腺泡增生。像乳腺硬化性腺病一样，与乳腺癌混淆，SAP是前列腺良恶性病变病理鉴别诊断的陷阱。我们报告这样的病例，以帮助同事更好地区分和诊断此类疾病。一名75岁的SAP患者的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平为11.0ng/mL，他已经患有进行性排尿困难3年了。在磁共振成像（MRI）上发现前列腺的中央腺区和右周围有结节状的低信号。前列腺活检显示基底细胞P63和P504s阳性，少数基底细胞S-100阳性，Ki67阳性率约为2％。我们认为SAP的可能性很高。病人经保守治疗,身体良好出院,没有排尿困难和其他问题。SAP是一种罕见的良性病变，易误诊为前列腺癌。前列腺腺管周围有一个完整的基底细胞层，以及基底细胞的肌上皮细胞化生，这是区别前列腺癌的关键特征。尽管最新研究表明SAP不需要治疗，它是否是前列腺癌的危险因素的问题仍然没有答案。
