Abstract：
Pleural effusion affects gas exchange, hemodynamic stability, and respiratory movement, thereby increasing the failure rate of intensive care unit discharge and mortality. Therefore, it is especially important to diagnose pleural effusion quickly to make the appropriate treatment decisions. The present review discusses the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and puncture/drainage of pleural effusions and highlights the importance of lung ultrasound techniques in this patient population. We searched on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles from establishment to October 2022 using the following keywords: \"lung ultrasound\", \"pulmonary ultrasound\", \"pleural effusion\", \"ultrasound-guided\" and \"thoracentesis\". Lung ultrasound not only helps clinicians visualize pleural effusion but also to identify its different types and assess pleural effusion volume. It is also very important for thoracentesis, not only to increase safety and reduce life-threatening complications, but also to monitor the amount of fluid after drainage of pleural effusion. Lung ultrasound is a simple, noninvasive bedside technique with good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions.
摘要：
胸腔积液影响气体交换，血液动力学稳定性，和呼吸运动，从而增加重症监护病房出院的失败率和死亡率。因此,快速诊断胸腔积液以做出适当的治疗决策尤为重要。本综述讨论了超声在胸腔积液的诊断和穿刺/引流中的作用，并强调了肺部超声技术在该患者人群中的重要性。我们在PubMed上搜索,Embase,和CochraneLibrary数据库，用于从建立到2022年10月的文章，使用以下关键字：“肺部超声”，\"肺超声\",“胸腔积液”，“超声引导”和“胸腔穿刺术”。肺部超声不仅可以帮助临床医生可视化胸腔积液，还可以识别其不同类型并评估胸腔积液的体积。这对胸腔穿刺术也很重要，不仅提高安全性，减少危及生命的并发症，还要监测胸腔积液引流后的液体量。肺部超声是一种简单的，无创床旁技术对胸腔积液的诊断和治疗具有良好的敏感性和特异性。
