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Abstract：
Long-term conservation of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) is a key priority for guaranteeing food security and sustainability of agricultural systems for current and future generations. The need for the secure conservation of genetic resources collections ex situ is critical, due to rapid and extreme climatic changes which are threatening and reducing biodiversity in their natural environments. The International Potato Center (CIP) conserves one of the most complete and diverse genetic resources collections of potato, with more than 7500 accessions composed of 4900 cultivated potato and 2600 potato wild relative accessions. The clonal conservation of cultivated potato, principally landraces, through in vitro or field collections is indispensable to maintain fixed allelic states, yet it is costly and labor-intensive. Cryopreservation, the conservation of biological samples in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), is considered the most reliable and cost-efficient long-term ex-situ conservation method for clonal crops. Over the last decade, CIP has built one of the largest potato cryobanks worldwide, cyopreserving more than 4000 cultivated potato accessions which represents 84% of the total cultivated potato collection currently conserved at CIP. In approximately, four years the entire potato collection will be cryopreserved. The development of an applied, robust cryopreservation protocol for potato, serves as a model for other clonally maintained crop collections. The CIP cryobank designs experiments with a high number of genetically diverse genotypes (70-100 accessions, seven cultivated species), to obtain reliable results that can be extrapolated over the collection as genotypes can often respond variably to the same applied conditions. Unlike most published reports on cryopreservation of plants, these large-scale experiments on potato are unique as they examine the acclimatization process of in vitro plants prior to, as well as during cryopreservation on up to ten times the number of genotypes conventionally reported in the published literature. As a result, an operational cryopreservation protocol for potato has advanced that works well across diverse potato accessions, not only with reduced processing time and costs, but also with an increased average full-plant recovery rate from 58% to 73% (+LN) for routine cryopreservation. The present article describes the composition of CIP\'s cryobank, the cryopreservation protocol, methodology for the dynamic improvement of the operational protocol, as well as data collected on regeneration from long term cryopreserved potatoes.
摘要：
植物遗传资源的长期保护（PGR）是保证当前和后代粮食安全和农业系统可持续性的关键优先事项。对遗传资源收集物的安全保护的需求至关重要，由于快速和极端的气候变化正在威胁和减少其自然环境中的生物多样性。国际马铃薯中心（CIP）保存了马铃薯最完整和最多样化的遗传资源之一，拥有7500多个种质，其中4900个栽培马铃薯和2600个野生马铃薯相关种质。栽培马铃薯的克隆保护，主要是地方种族，通过体外或现场收集是必不可少的，以保持固定的等位基因状态，然而，它是昂贵和劳动密集型的。冷冻保存,在液氮（-196°C）中保存生物样品，被认为是克隆作物最可靠和最具成本效益的长期异位保护方法。在过去的十年里，CIP建造了全球最大的马铃薯冷冻库之一，保存超过4000种栽培马铃薯种质，占目前保存的atCIP.在大约,整个马铃薯将被冷冻保存四年。一个应用的发展，马铃薯的可靠冷冻保存方案，作为其他克隆维护作物集合的模型。TheCIP冷冻库设计了具有大量遗传多样性基因型的实验(70-100种，七个栽培物种)，以获得可靠的结果，这些结果可以在集合中外推，因为基因型通常可以对相同的应用条件做出不同的反应。与大多数发表的关于植物冷冻保存的报告不同，这些关于马铃薯的大规模实验是独一无二的，因为它们检查了体外植物的驯化过程，以及在冷冻保存期间，其基因型数量是已发表文献中常规报道的十倍。因此,马铃薯的操作冷冻保存协议已经取得了进展，在不同的马铃薯品种中运行良好，不仅减少了处理时间和成本，而且，对于常规冷冻保存，平均全厂回收率从58％提高到73％（LN）。本文描述了CIP的冷冻库的组成，冷冻保存方案,用于动态改进操作协议的方法，以及从长期冷冻保存的马铃薯中收集的再生数据。
