Abstract：
To consolidate reported information on presentation, diagnosis, and treatment modalities in testicular schistosomiasis (TS) to provide a reference tool for this rare disease.
A comprehensive PubMed search was performed using PRISMA guidelines, which yielded 21 articles detailing 22 cases of TS.
Testicular schistosomiasis remains a rare disease, presenting at a variety of ages (median age 27). All reports of this condition are associated with exposure to an endemic area. The most common presenting symptoms include nonspecific testicular swelling (54.5%) followed by a testicular mass/nodule (18.4%). Diagnosis relies upon clinical suspicion due to low specificity on laboratory and imaging evaluation, with only 18% of urine evaluations positive for parasitic infection. Final diagnosis was made on biopsy (38.1%), radical orchiectomy (47.6%) or frozen section during partial orchiectomy (14.3%). Treatment included anthelmintic mediation (37%), radical/partial orchiectomy (31%), or some combination of the above.
This systematic review of individual patient data reveals that while urine tests and imaging may aid in diagnosis, all patients require definitive histologic diagnosis. It is important to obtain a thorough history to elucidate exposure to endemic areas and inform whether biopsy, and subsequent testicular preservation, may be appropriate.
A comprehensive PubMed search was performed using PRISMA guidelines, which yielded 21 articles detailing 22 cases of TS.
Testicular schistosomiasis remains a rare disease, presenting at a variety of ages (median age 27). All reports of this condition are associated with exposure to an endemic area. The most common presenting symptoms include nonspecific testicular swelling (54.5%) followed by a testicular mass/nodule (18.4%). Diagnosis relies upon clinical suspicion due to low specificity on laboratory and imaging evaluation, with only 18% of urine evaluations positive for parasitic infection. Final diagnosis was made on biopsy (38.1%), radical orchiectomy (47.6%) or frozen section during partial orchiectomy (14.3%). Treatment included anthelmintic mediation (37%), radical/partial orchiectomy (31%), or some combination of the above.
This systematic review of individual patient data reveals that while urine tests and imaging may aid in diagnosis, all patients require definitive histologic diagnosis. It is important to obtain a thorough history to elucidate exposure to endemic areas and inform whether biopsy, and subsequent testicular preservation, may be appropriate.
摘要：
背景：为了整合报告的演示信息，诊断,以及睾丸血吸虫病（TS）的治疗方式，为这种罕见疾病提供参考工具。
方法：使用PRISMA指南进行了全面的PubMed搜索，共发表了21篇文章，详细介绍了22例TS。
结果：睾丸血吸虫病仍然是一种罕见的疾病，呈现在不同的年龄（中位年龄27）。这种情况的所有报告都与暴露于流行区域有关。最常见的症状包括非特异性睾丸肿胀（54.5％），其次是睾丸肿块/结节（18.4％）。由于实验室和影像学评估的特异性低，诊断依赖于临床怀疑。只有18％的尿液评估为寄生虫感染阳性。最终诊断为活检（38.1%），根治性睾丸切除术（47.6％）或部分睾丸切除术中的冷冻切片（14.3％）。治疗包括驱虫介导（37％），根治性/部分睾丸切除术（31%），或上述的某种组合。
结论：这项对个别患者数据的系统评价显示，虽然尿液检查和影像学检查可能有助于诊断，所有患者都需要明确的组织学诊断.重要的是要获得全面的病史，以阐明暴露于流行区域，并告知活检是否，以及随后的睾丸保存，可能是合适的。
方法：使用PRISMA指南进行了全面的PubMed搜索，共发表了21篇文章，详细介绍了22例TS。
结果：睾丸血吸虫病仍然是一种罕见的疾病，呈现在不同的年龄（中位年龄27）。这种情况的所有报告都与暴露于流行区域有关。最常见的症状包括非特异性睾丸肿胀（54.5％），其次是睾丸肿块/结节（18.4％）。由于实验室和影像学评估的特异性低，诊断依赖于临床怀疑。只有18％的尿液评估为寄生虫感染阳性。最终诊断为活检（38.1%），根治性睾丸切除术（47.6％）或部分睾丸切除术中的冷冻切片（14.3％）。治疗包括驱虫介导（37％），根治性/部分睾丸切除术（31%），或上述的某种组合。
结论：这项对个别患者数据的系统评价显示，虽然尿液检查和影像学检查可能有助于诊断，所有患者都需要明确的组织学诊断.重要的是要获得全面的病史，以阐明暴露于流行区域，并告知活检是否，以及随后的睾丸保存，可能是合适的。
