Abstract：
Human responses to the same diets may vary to a large extent, depending on the complex diet-host-microbiota interactions. Recent scientific advance has indicated that this diet-host-microbiota interaction could be quantified to develop strategies for improving individual health (personalized nutrition). Compared to the host related factors (which are difficult to manipulate), the gut microbiome is more readily modulated by dietary exposures and has important roles in affecting human health via the synthesis of various bioactive compounds and participating in the digestion and absorption process of macro- and micronutrients. Therefore, gut microbiota alterations induced by diets could possibly be utilized to improve human health in a targeted manner. However, limitations in the processing and analysis of \'big-data\' concerning human microbiome still restrict the translational capacity of diet-host-microbiota interactions into tools to improve personalized human health. In the current review, recent advances in terms of understanding the specific diet-host-microbiota interactions were summarized, aiming to help the development of strategies for personalized nutrition.
摘要：
人类对相同饮食的反应可能在很大程度上有所不同，取决于复杂的饮食-宿主-微生物群相互作用。最近的科学进步表明，这种饮食-宿主-微生物群的相互作用可以量化，以制定改善个体健康的策略（个性化营养）。与宿主相关因素(难以操纵)相比，肠道微生物组更容易被饮食暴露所调节，并且通过合成各种生物活性化合物并参与大量和微量营养素的消化和吸收过程，在影响人类健康方面具有重要作用。因此,由饮食诱导的肠道微生物群改变可能被用于有针对性地改善人类健康。然而,有关人类微生物组的“大数据”处理和分析的局限性仍然限制了饮食-宿主-微生物群相互作用转化为改善个性化人类健康的工具的能力。在当前的审查中，总结了在理解特定饮食-宿主-微生物群相互作用方面的最新进展，旨在帮助制定个性化营养策略。
