PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
An ample variety of parasitic associations are found between mollusks and nematodes, in which the mollusks may act as intermediate, paratenic or definitive hosts. Some free-living nematodes, in particular those of the order Rhabditida, are also found frequently in terrestrial mollusks. The present study reviews the results of the parasitological testing on samples of terrestrial mollusks conducted at the Brazilian National Reference Laboratory for Schistosomiasis and Malacology between 2008 and 2021. The samples were supplied primarily by the public health authorities from the different regions of Brazil, but also by research institutions and general population. The mollusks were processed individually and the obtained larvae were identified from their morphology and, whenever necessary, by molecular analysis. A total of 1,919 service orders were registered during the period, including 19,758 mollusk specimens collected from 23 of the 26 Brazilian states, as well as the Federal District, totalizing 145 municipalities. There was a marked predominance of the synanthropic species that are widely distributed in Brazil-Achatina fulica (87.08%), Bulimulus tenuissimus (4.18%), Bradybaena similaris (2.06%), and Sarasinula linguaeformis (1.50%). Of the 16,750 terrestrial mollusks examined, nematodes were recorded in 1,308 service orders, with the predominance of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea, in 616 service orders. They included Angiostrongylus cantonensis, rat lungworm, which was found in 252 samples, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in 145 samples. Free-living nematodes were found in 952 samples, Ancylostoma caninum and Cruzia tentaculata (previously identified as Strongyluris sp.) in one and 275 samples, respectively, and other parasites in 210 samples (not identified). The results highlight the diversity of the associations between nematodes and terrestrial mollusks in Brazil, in particular invasive and synanthropic species, with emphasis on the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica. They demonstrate the prominent role of this species of mollusk in the transmission of medically-important nematodes, which affect the health of both humans and animals, in particular eosinophilic meningitis, which is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This reinforces the need for more studies, and justify the growing demand for information as well as parasitological diagnosis of this mollusk, given its wide distribution in Brazil and its impact as an urban pest.
摘要：
在软体动物和线虫之间发现了各种各样的寄生关联，其中软体动物可以充当中间体，paratenic或确定性宿主。一些自由生活的线虫，特别是Rhabditida命令的那些，在陆地软体动物中也经常发现。本研究回顾了2008年至2021年在巴西国家血吸虫病和疟疾参考实验室对陆地软体动物样本进行的寄生虫学测试结果。样本主要由巴西不同地区的公共卫生当局提供，但也由研究机构和一般人群。对软体动物进行单独处理，并从其形态中鉴定所获得的幼虫，只要有必要,通过分子分析。期间共登记了1,919份服务订单,包括从巴西26个州中的23个州收集的19,758个软体动物标本，以及联邦区，总计145个城市。在巴西-Achatinafulica（87.08％）中广泛分布的同人种明显占优势，延髓(4.18%),马尾藻（2.06%），和柳叶菜(1.50%)。在检查的16750只陆地软体动物中，线虫记录在1,308个服务订单中，在超家族Metastrongyloidea的统治下，在616个服务订单中。其中包括广州管圆线虫，鼠肺虫,在252个样本中发现，145个样本中的Aelurostrongylusabstrusus。在952个样本中发现了自由生活的线虫，Ancylostomacaninum和Cruziatentaculata（以前被鉴定为Strongylurissp。)在一个和275个样本中，分别,和其他寄生虫在210个样本（未鉴定）。结果突出了巴西线虫和陆地软体动物之间关联的多样性，特别是入侵和同食物种，重点是非洲巨大的蜗牛，AchatinaFulica.他们证明了这种软体动物在医学上重要的线虫传播中的突出作用，影响人类和动物的健康，特别是嗜酸性粒细胞性脑膜炎，这是由广州管圆线虫引起的。这加强了对更多研究的需求，并证明对这种软体动物的信息和寄生虫学诊断的需求不断增长，鉴于其在巴西的广泛分布及其作为城市害虫的影响。
