Abstract：
Social habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol are well-known causative agents for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC/OPSCC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known causative agent for OPSCC. However, we often encounter patients with no identifiable risk factors. There is growing evidence of the role of occupational carcinogens in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. The aim of this study therefore was to identify any occupational carcinogens linked to oral cancer. We carried out a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline, along with a retrospective review of patients treated in a regional unit over 25 years. Occupations were classified based on the UK Standard of Classification 2020. Data analysis was completed using the chi-squared test. A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria for review. In our retrospective study a total of 874 patients were identified of whom 31% were blue-collar workers, 32.8% were white-collar workers, 20.2% were unemployed/housewives, and 16% workers in other occupations. The majority of blue-collar workers were in the construction industry and had maximum exposure to hydrocarbons and exhaust fumes. The aetiology of oral and oropharyngeal SCC is multifactorial and there is no consensus on the role of occupational carcinogens. We showcase our patient cohort and discuss the occupational exposures that appear to make them susceptible to OSCC and OPSCC. Further multicentre studies are required to enable us to understand fully the pathogenesis of oral cancer and help us to inform relevant organisations, the aim being to reduce the incidence of occupation-related cancer.
摘要：
吸烟和饮酒等社会习惯是众所周知的口腔和口咽鳞状细胞癌（OSCC/OPSCC）的病原体。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是OPSCC的已知病原体。然而,我们经常遇到没有可识别风险因素的患者。越来越多的证据表明职业性致癌物在口腔癌的发病机理中的作用。因此，这项研究的目的是确定与口腔癌有关的任何职业性致癌物。我们使用PubMed对文献进行了系统的回顾，EMBASE,还有Medline,以及对在地区病房接受治疗超过25年的患者的回顾性回顾。职业是根据英国2020年分类标准进行分类的。使用卡方检验完成数据分析。共有17篇论文符合纳入审查标准。在我们的回顾性研究中，共确定了874名患者，其中31％是蓝领工人。32.8%是白领,20.2%是失业/家庭主妇，16％的工人从事其他职业。大多数蓝领工人都在建筑行业，并且最大程度地暴露于碳氢化合物和废气中。口腔和口咽SCC的病因是多因素的，对职业性致癌物的作用尚无共识。我们展示了我们的患者队列，并讨论了似乎使他们容易受到OSCC和OPSCC的职业暴露。需要进一步的多中心研究，以使我们能够充分了解口腔癌的发病机理，并帮助我们向相关组织提供信息，目的是减少与职业有关的癌症的发病率。
