Abstract：
Past research shows that media coverage of medicine side effects can produce a nocebo response. New Zealand news media discussed myocarditis following the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. This study examined whether side effects mentioned in the media increased compared to control symptoms not mentioned.
The study analysed 64,086 vaccine adverse reaction reports, retrieved from the medicine safety authority. Generalised linear regressions compared the side effect rate during three discrete periods of media reporting (August 2021, December 2021, April 2022) with the pre-media baseline rate. The outcomes were weekly reports of chest discomfort, monthly reports of chest, heart and breathing symptoms, and myocarditis, pericarditis, and anxiety. Control symptoms were fever, numbness, and musculoskeletal pain. Logistic regressions investigated factors associated with side effect reporting.
The reporting rate of chest discomfort was 190% greater in the five weeks after the first media item (p < .001). The monthly reporting rates of the symptoms mentioned in the media were significantly greater after the news coverage (ps ≤ 0.001). There was no effect of media on the control side effect fever (p = .06). There was an effect of media on myocarditis, pericarditis and anxiety (ps < 0.001). Anxiety, male gender, and younger age were significantly associated with side effects.
The results indicate that a media-induced nocebo response occurred. This is most likely due to increased expectations and awareness of COVID-19 vaccine side effects, elevated symptom experience from anxiety, and consequently greater reporting of the symptoms in line with the media coverage.
The study analysed 64,086 vaccine adverse reaction reports, retrieved from the medicine safety authority. Generalised linear regressions compared the side effect rate during three discrete periods of media reporting (August 2021, December 2021, April 2022) with the pre-media baseline rate. The outcomes were weekly reports of chest discomfort, monthly reports of chest, heart and breathing symptoms, and myocarditis, pericarditis, and anxiety. Control symptoms were fever, numbness, and musculoskeletal pain. Logistic regressions investigated factors associated with side effect reporting.
The reporting rate of chest discomfort was 190% greater in the five weeks after the first media item (p < .001). The monthly reporting rates of the symptoms mentioned in the media were significantly greater after the news coverage (ps ≤ 0.001). There was no effect of media on the control side effect fever (p = .06). There was an effect of media on myocarditis, pericarditis and anxiety (ps < 0.001). Anxiety, male gender, and younger age were significantly associated with side effects.
The results indicate that a media-induced nocebo response occurred. This is most likely due to increased expectations and awareness of COVID-19 vaccine side effects, elevated symptom experience from anxiety, and consequently greater reporting of the symptoms in line with the media coverage.
摘要：
目的：过去的研究表明，媒体对药物副作用的报道可以产生nocebo反应。新西兰新闻媒体讨论了辉瑞COVID-19疫苗后的心肌炎。这项研究检查了与未提及的对照症状相比，介质中提及的副作用是否增加。
方法：该研究分析了64,086份疫苗不良反应报告，从药品安全管理局取回。广义线性回归将媒体报道的三个离散时期（2021年8月，2021年12月，2022年4月）的副作用率与媒体前基线率进行了比较。结果是每周报告胸部不适，每月的胸部报告，心脏和呼吸症状，心肌炎,心包炎,和焦虑。控制症状是发烧，麻木,肌肉骨骼疼痛.Logistic回归调查了与副作用报告相关的因素。
结果：在第一个培养基项目后的5周内，胸部不适的报告率增加了190%（p<.001）。新闻报道后，媒体上提到的症状的每月报告率明显更高（ps≤0.001）。培养基对对照副作用发热没有影响(p=.06)。媒体对心肌炎有影响，心包炎和焦虑（ps<0.001）。焦虑,男性,年龄和年龄与副作用显著相关。
结论：结果表明发生了培养基诱导的nocebo反应。这很可能是由于人们对COVID-19疫苗副作用的期望和认识增加，来自焦虑的症状体验升高，因此，根据媒体报道更多的症状报道。
方法：该研究分析了64,086份疫苗不良反应报告，从药品安全管理局取回。广义线性回归将媒体报道的三个离散时期（2021年8月，2021年12月，2022年4月）的副作用率与媒体前基线率进行了比较。结果是每周报告胸部不适，每月的胸部报告，心脏和呼吸症状，心肌炎,心包炎,和焦虑。控制症状是发烧，麻木,肌肉骨骼疼痛.Logistic回归调查了与副作用报告相关的因素。
结果：在第一个培养基项目后的5周内，胸部不适的报告率增加了190%（p<.001）。新闻报道后，媒体上提到的症状的每月报告率明显更高（ps≤0.001）。培养基对对照副作用发热没有影响(p=.06)。媒体对心肌炎有影响，心包炎和焦虑（ps<0.001）。焦虑,男性,年龄和年龄与副作用显著相关。
结论：结果表明发生了培养基诱导的nocebo反应。这很可能是由于人们对COVID-19疫苗副作用的期望和认识增加，来自焦虑的症状体验升高，因此，根据媒体报道更多的症状报道。
