Abstract：
The occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in household tap water has been investigated via the presence of their geochemical characteristics in the pretreatment and transfer processes of water plants in the urban and suburban areas of the subtropical medium-sized city of Quanzhou, southeast China. The results for all approximately 300 tap water samples collected from 6 sampling stations at household kitchens from Nov. 30, 2017, to Dec. 6, 2018, showed that dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutylphthaate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) could be identified and quantified among the 16 PAE congeners with the developed gas chromatographymass spectrometry method. The levels of the sum of 5 PAE congeners (Σ5PAEs) for all tap water ranged from 780.0 ng/L to 9180 ng/L, while DIBP and DEHP were the most abundant congeners, accounting for 82.2% in the dry season, 89.9% in the normal season, and 89.3% in the wet season. Factors of the transferring process, such as the spatial distance from the sampling station to the water plant, the material of pipelines, and the storage time of tap water in the pipeline, affected the levels of PAE congeners in tap water from the correlation of Σ5PAEs levels and transferring distance according to hierarchical cluster analysis. The seasonal variations in Σ5PAEs and each congener had good agreement with the temperature, suggesting that PAEs in tap water mainly come from raw water, which should be further explored in future work. Health risk assessment of PAEs in tap water with the HQ method showed that the occurrence of DEP and DBP has no noncarcinogenic risk for adults and children, while the concentration of DEHP might cause potential noncarcinogenic risk for adults and children, which should be given considerably more attention.
摘要：
通过在亚热带中等城市泉州市区和郊区的水厂预处理和转移过程中存在的地球化学特征，研究了家用自来水中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的存在，中国东南部。从11月起从家庭厨房的6个采样站收集的所有约300个自来水样本的结果30,2017,至12月6，2018，显示邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP），邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP），邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP），和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）可以通过开发的气相色谱质谱方法在16种PAE同源物中进行鉴定和定量。所有自来水的5种PAE同源物（Σ5PAEs）的总和水平范围为780.0ng/L至9180ng/L，而DIBP和DEHP是最丰富的同源物，旱季占82.2%，正常季节为89.9%,雨季为89.3%。转移过程的因素，例如从采样站到水厂的空间距离，管道的材料，以及自来水在管道中的储存时间，根据层次聚类分析，从Σ5PAEs水平和转移距离的相关性影响自来水中PAE同源物的水平。Σ5PAEs和每个同源物的季节变化与温度有很好的一致性，表明自来水中的PAEs主要来自原水，这应该在今后的工作中进一步探索。HQ法对自来水中PAEs的健康风险评估表明，DEP和DBP的发生对成人和儿童没有非致癌风险。虽然DEHP的浓度可能对成人和儿童造成潜在的非致癌风险，这应该得到更多的关注。
