Abstract：
Forest trees are complex perennial organisms that are adapted to the local environment in the results of prevailing climate conditions in population history. Because they lead a sedentary lifestyle, plants are exposed to various environmental stimuli, such as changes which can lead to the rapid adjustment or failure of their defence mechanisms. As forests play a key role in environment homeostasis and are the source of many products, it is crucial to estimate the role of forest trees\' plasticity mechanisms in the face of the climate change. Fast epigenetic adjustment is the basis for surviving climate fluctuations, however the question is whether this mechanism will be also efficient if climate fluctuations increase. Epigenetic modifications enable rapid reactions to the inducing stimulus by establishing chromatin patterns and manipulating gene expression without affecting the DNA itself. This work aimed to gather information about the epigenetic mechanisms of tree responses to changing environmental conditions, in order to summarise what is known so far and emphasize the significance of the discussed issue. Applying this knowledge in the future to study the interactions between climate change and gene regulation at the levels of plant development could generate answers to questions about the limitations of plasticity of plant adaptation to changing environment. We still know very little about how organisms, especially trees, cope with climate change and we believe that this overview will encourage researchers to fill this gap in the knowledge, and that results will be applied in improving defensive capacity of this ecologically and economically important species.
摘要：
森林树木是复杂的多年生生物，由于人口历史上的普遍气候条件，它们适应了当地环境。因为他们过着久坐的生活方式，植物受到各种环境刺激，例如可能导致其防御机制快速调整或失效的变化。由于森林在环境稳态中起着关键作用，并且是许多产品的来源，估计林木可塑性机制在面对气候变化时的作用至关重要。快速的表观遗传调整是生存气候波动的基础，然而，问题是，如果气候波动加剧，这种机制是否也会有效。表观遗传修饰通过建立染色质模式和操纵基因表达而不影响DNA本身来实现对诱导刺激的快速反应。这项工作旨在收集有关树木对环境条件变化的反应的表观遗传机制的信息，以总结迄今已知的情况，并强调所讨论问题的重要性。将来将这些知识应用于研究气候变化与植物发育水平上的基因调控之间的相互作用，可以回答有关植物适应不断变化的环境的可塑性局限性的问题。我们仍然知之甚少，尤其是树木,应对气候变化，我们相信这一概述将鼓励研究人员填补这一知识空白，这些结果将用于提高这种生态和经济上重要的物种的防御能力。
