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Abstract：
Myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential for structural and functional homeostasis of nervous tissue. Albeit with certain similarities, the regulation of CNS and PNS myelination is executed differently. Recent advances highlight the coordinated regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination by amino-acid sensing and growth factor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss novel insights into the understanding of differential regulation of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell biology in CNS and PNS myelination, with particular focus on the roles of growth factor-stimulated RHEB-mTORC1 and GATOR2-mediated amino-acid sensing/signaling pathways. We also discuss recent progress on the metabolic regulation of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and the impact of their dysfunction on neuronal function and disease.
摘要：
中枢神经系统（CNS）中的髓磷脂形成少突胶质细胞和周围神经系统（PNS）中的雪旺细胞对于神经组织的结构和功能稳态至关重要。尽管有某些相似之处，CNS和PNS髓鞘化的调节不同。最近的进展强调了氨基酸传感和生长因子信号通路对少突胶质细胞髓鞘形成的协调调节。在这次审查中,我们讨论了对CNS和PNS髓鞘形成中少突胶质细胞和雪旺氏细胞生物学差异调节的理解的新见解，特别关注生长因子刺激的RHEB-mTORC1和GATOR2介导的氨基酸传感/信号通路的作用。我们还讨论了少突胶质细胞和雪旺细胞的代谢调节及其功能障碍对神经元功能和疾病的影响的最新进展。
