Abstract：
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a chronic, lifelong, debilitating, primarily obstructive airway disease which adversely affects the quality of life of many popular dog breeds. Respiratory restriction in bulldog breeds, pugs and Boston terriers frequently co-exist with pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, many brachycephalic dogs that appear clinically normal are, in fact suffering from chronic hypoxia and its systemic consequences. Concurrent gastroesophageal reflux-associated conditions, sleep disorders and systemic hypertension further impact the welfare of affected dogs. Acceptance of BOAS and associated clinical signs as being \'normal for the breed\' is common amongst owners. While surgical correction of the upper airway is the mainstay of treatment, the provision of subsequent, frequently lifelong medical management is equally important for the maintenance of an acceptable quality of life, at least for some affected patients. Here we review the current knowledge concerning brachycephaly, combine it with shared clinical experience in the management of this debilitating condition, and discuss ethical considerations and the responsibility of veterinarians to contribute public education and to support appropriate breed standards for animals under our care.
摘要：
短脑阻塞性气道综合征(BOAS)是一种慢性,终身,衰弱，主要是阻塞性气道疾病，对许多流行犬种的生活质量产生不利影响。牛头犬品种的呼吸限制，哈巴狗和波士顿梗经常与胃肠道的病理共存。此外,许多临床上看起来正常的短头犬，事实上患有慢性缺氧及其全身性后果。并发胃食管反流相关疾病，睡眠障碍和系统性高血压进一步影响受影响的狗的福利。业主普遍接受BOAS和相关临床症状为“该品种正常”。虽然手术矫正上呼吸道是治疗的主要手段，随后的规定，通常，终身医疗管理对于维持可接受的生活质量同样重要，至少对于一些受影响的患者。在这里，我们回顾有关短头畸形的当前知识，将其与管理这种衰弱状况的共同临床经验相结合，并讨论道德考虑因素和兽医的责任，以促进公共教育和支持适当的品种标准的动物在我们的照顾。
