Abstract：
CNS-resident macrophages-including parenchymal microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs)-contribute to neuronal development and health, vascularization, and tissue integrity at steady state. Border-patrolling mononuclear phagocytes such as dendritic cells and monocytes confer important immune functions to the CNS, protecting it from pathogenic threats including aberrant cell growth and brain malignancies. Even though we have learned much about the contribution of lymphocytes to CNS pathologies, a better understanding of differential roles of tissue-resident and -invading phagocytes is slowly emerging. In this perspective, we propose that in CNS neuroinflammatory diseases, tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) contribute to the clearing of debris and resolution of inflammation, whereas blood-borne phagocytes are drivers of immunopathology. We discuss the remaining challenges to resolve which specialized mononuclear phagocyte populations are driving or suppressing immune effector function, thereby potentially dictating the outcome of autoimmunity or brain cancer.
摘要：
中枢神经系统驻留的巨噬细胞-包括实质小胶质细胞和边界相关巨噬细胞（BAMs）-有助于神经元发育和健康，血管化,和稳定状态下的组织完整性。边界巡逻单核吞噬细胞，如树突状细胞和单核细胞赋予中枢神经系统重要的免疫功能，保护它免受致病威胁，包括异常细胞生长和脑恶性肿瘤。尽管我们已经了解了淋巴细胞对中枢神经系统病变的贡献，对组织驻留和侵入吞噬细胞的不同作用的更好理解正在慢慢出现。从这个角度来看,我们认为在中枢神经系统神经炎性疾病中，组织驻留巨噬细胞（TRMs）有助于清除碎片和解决炎症，而血源性吞噬细胞是免疫病理学的驱动因素。我们讨论了解决哪些专门的单核吞噬细胞群体正在驱动或抑制免疫效应子功能的剩余挑战。从而可能决定自身免疫或脑癌的结果。
