PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) every year, millions of people are affected by flu. Flu is a disease caused by influenza viruses. For preventing this, seasonal influenza vaccinations are widely considered the most efficient way to protect against the negative effects of the flu. To date, there is no \"one-size-fits-all\" vaccine that can be effective all over the world to protect against all seasonal or pandemic influenza virus types. Because influenza virus transforms its genetic structure and it can emerges as immunogenically new (antigenic drift) which causes epidemics or new virus subtype (antigenic shift) which causes pandemics. As a result, annual revaccination or new subtype viral vaccine development is required. Currently, three types of vaccines (inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant) are approved in different countries. These can be named \"conventional influenza vaccines\" and their production are based on eggs or cell culture. Although, there is good effort to develop new influenza vaccines for broader and longer period of time protection. In this sense these candidate vaccines are called \"universal influenza vaccines\". In this article, after we mentioned the short history of flu then virus morphology and infection, we explained the diseases caused by the influenza virus in humans. Afterward, we explained in detail the production methods of available influenza vaccines, types of bioreactors used in cell culture based production, conventional and new vaccine types, and development strategies for better vaccines.
摘要：
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）每年的数据，数百万人受到流感的影响。流感是由流感病毒引起的疾病。为了防止这种情况，季节性流感疫苗接种被广泛认为是防止流感负面影响的最有效方法。迄今为止,没有“一刀切”的疫苗可以在世界各地有效地预防所有季节性或大流行性流感病毒类型。因为流感病毒改变其遗传结构,并且它可以作为引起流行病的免疫原性新的(抗原漂移)或引起大流行的新病毒亚型(抗原转变)出现。因此,需要每年重新接种疫苗或开发新的亚型病毒疫苗。目前,三种类型的疫苗(灭活，活减毒，和重组)在不同的国家被批准。这些可以被称为“常规流感疫苗”，它们的生产基于鸡蛋或细胞培养。虽然,努力开发新的流感疫苗，以获得更广泛和更长时间的保护。从这个意义上讲，这些候选疫苗被称为“通用流感疫苗”。在这篇文章中,在我们提到了短暂的流感史，然后是病毒形态和感染之后，我们解释了流感病毒在人类中引起的疾病。之后,我们详细解释了可用流感疫苗的生产方法，基于细胞培养的生产中使用的生物反应器类型，常规和新型疫苗类型，以及更好疫苗的开发策略。
