PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The Mongolian population exceeds six million and is the largest population among the Mongolic speakers in China. However, the genetic structure and admixture history of the Mongolians are still unclear due to the limited number of samples and lower coverage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In this study, we genotyped genome-wide data of over 700,000 SNPs in 38 Mongolian individuals from Fuxin in Liaoning Province to explore the genetic structure and population history based on typical and advanced population genetic analysis methods [principal component analysis (PCA), admixture, FST, f 3 -statistics, f 4 -statistics, qpAdm/qpWave, qpGraph, ALDER, and TreeMix]. We found that Fuxin Mongolians had a close genetic relationship with Han people, northern Mongolians, other Mongolic speakers, and Tungusic speakers in East Asia. Also, we found that Neolithic millet farmers in the Yellow River Basin and West Liao River Basin and Neolithic hunter-gatherers in the Mongolian Plateau and Amur River Basin were the dominant ancestral sources, and there were additional gene flows related to Eurasian Steppe pastoralists and Neolithic Iranian farmers in the gene pool of Fuxin Mongolians. These results shed light on dynamic demographic history, complex population admixture, and multiple sources of genetic diversity in Fuxin Mongolians.
摘要：
蒙古族人口超过600万，是中国讲蒙古语的人口最多的国家。然而,由于样本数量有限且单核苷酸多态性（SNP）覆盖率较低，因此蒙古人的遗传结构和混合史仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们对来自辽宁省阜新市的38个蒙古族个体的700,000多个SNP的全基因组数据进行基因分型，以基于典型和先进的群体遗传分析方法[主成分分析（PCA），掺合料,FST,f3-统计，f4-统计，qpAdm/qpWave,qpGraph,ALDER,和TreeMix]。我们发现阜新蒙古族与汉族有着密切的遗传关系，北部蒙古人,其他讲蒙古语的人,和东亚地区的通古西人。此外，我们发现黄河流域和西辽河流域的新石器时代的小米农民和蒙古高原和阿穆尔河流域的新石器时代的狩猎采集者是主要的祖先来源，在阜新蒙古人的基因库中，还有其他与欧亚草原牧民和新石器时代伊朗农民有关的基因流。这些结果揭示了动态的人口历史，复杂的人口混合物，阜新蒙古族遗传多样性的多种来源。
