Abstract：
Fumigants are gaseous pesticides or biocides which eradicate pests by suffocation or poisoning. Worker exposure to fumigants is mainly via inhalation, followed by dermal contact and ingestion, leading to various acute and chronic health effects. Implementation of appropriate workplace controls such as adequate ventilation, training and personal protective equipment ensure that exposure to fumigants are kept to the lowest level as practically possible. In addition, routine medical examinations also allow for doctors to identify and manage possible exposure to fumigants and ascertain workers\' fitness to work.While management guidelines after an acute exposure to such fumigants is clear and consistent, the guidelines on routine medical examination for fumigators is sparse. Components of the medical examinations vary according to the fumigant, workers are exposed to and its chronic health effects. Hence, this paper highlights the health hazards of commonly utilised fumigants; Methyl Bromide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Hydrogen Phosphide and Sulfuryl Fluoride; and outlines the guidance for routine medical examinations for exposed fumigators.
摘要：
熏蒸剂是通过窒息或中毒根除害虫的气态杀虫剂或杀生物剂。工人接触熏蒸剂主要是通过吸入，然后是皮肤接触和摄入，导致各种急性和慢性健康影响。实施适当的工作场所控制，如充分通风，培训和个人防护设备确保对熏蒸剂的接触尽可能保持在最低水平。此外,常规体检还允许医生识别和管理熏蒸剂的可能暴露，并确定工人的工作适应性。虽然急性接触此类熏蒸剂后的管理指南是明确和一致的，熏蒸仪的常规体检指南很少。体检的成分根据熏蒸剂的不同而不同，工人暴露于其慢性健康影响。因此，本文重点介绍了常用熏蒸剂对健康的危害；甲基溴，氰化氢,磷化氢和氟化硫；并概述了暴露式熏蒸仪的常规医学检查指南。
