PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The lung is composed of a highly branched airway structure, which humidifies and warms the inhaled air before entering the alveolar compartment. In the alveoli, a thin layer of epithelium is in close proximity with the capillary endothelium, allowing for an efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. During development proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells generates the lung architecture, and in the adult lung a proper function of progenitor cells is needed to regenerate after injury. Malfunctioning of progenitors during development results in various congenital lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation (CPAM). In addition, many premature neonates experience continuous insults on the lung caused by artificial ventilation and supplemental oxygen, which requires a highly controlled mechanism of airway repair. Malfunctioning of airway progenitors during regeneration can result in reduction of respiratory function or (chronic) airway diseases. Pathways that are active during development are frequently re-activated upon damage. Understanding the basic mechanisms of lung development and the behavior of progenitor cell in the ontogeny and regeneration of the lung may help to better understand the underlying cause of lung diseases, especially those occurring in prenatal development or in the immediate postnatal period of life. This review provides an overview of lung development and the cell types involved in repair of lung damage with a focus on the airway.
摘要：
肺由高度分支的气道结构组成，在进入肺泡腔之前加湿和加热吸入的空气。在肺泡中，一薄层上皮靠近毛细血管内皮，允许氧气和二氧化碳的有效交换。在发育过程中，祖细胞的增殖和分化会产生肺结构，在成人肺中，需要祖细胞的适当功能才能在损伤后再生。在发育过程中祖细胞的功能障碍导致各种先天性肺部疾病，如先天性膈疝（CDH）和先天性肺腺瘤样畸形（CPAM）。此外,许多早产儿经历了由人工通气和补充氧气引起的持续肺部损伤，这需要高度控制的气道修复机制。在再生过程中气道祖细胞的功能障碍可导致呼吸功能降低或(慢性)气道疾病。在发育过程中活跃的途径在受损时经常被重新激活。了解肺发育的基本机制和祖细胞在肺个体发育和再生中的行为可能有助于更好地了解肺部疾病的根本原因，尤其是那些发生在产前发育或出生后不久的时期。这篇综述概述了肺发育和参与肺损伤修复的细胞类型，重点是气道。
