Abstract：
The region in eastern, central and southern Africa (ECSA) where African swine fever (ASF) originated in a sylvatic cycle is home to all the p72 genotypes of ASF virus identified so far. While 20 of the 24 genotypes have been isolated from outbreaks in domestic pigs in the region, only five of the genotypes (I, II, VIII, IX, X) have an extended field presence associated with domestic pigs. Of the genotypes that appear to be strongly adapted to domestic pigs, two have spread beyond the African continent and have been the focus of efforts to develop vaccines against ASF. Most of the experimental ASF vaccines described do not protect against a wider spectrum of viruses and may be less useful in the event of incursions of different strains or where multiple genotypes co-exist. The other three pig-adapted strains that are currently restricted to the ECSA region might spread, and priority should be given to understanding not only the genetic and antigenic characteristics of these viruses but also their history. We review historic and current knowledge of the distribution of these five virus genotypes, and note that as was the case for genotype II, some pig-associated viruses have the propensity for geographical range expansion. These features are valuable for prioritizing vaccine-development efforts to ensure a swift response to virus escape. However, whilst ASF vaccines are critical for high-production systems, global food security relies on parallel efforts to improve biosecurity and pig production in Africa and on continued ASFV surveillance and characterisation in the ECSA region.
摘要：
东部地区,非洲中部和南部非洲（ECSA）的非洲猪瘟（ASF）起源于一个周期，是迄今为止鉴定的所有p72基因型ASF病毒的家园。虽然24种基因型中有20种是从该地区家猪的疫情中分离出来的，只有五种基因型(I，II,VIII,IX,X）具有与家猪相关的扩展领域。在似乎强烈适应家猪的基因型中，两个已经传播到非洲大陆以外，并一直是努力开发抗ASF疫苗的重点。所描述的大多数实验性ASF疫苗不能抵抗更广谱的病毒,并且在不同毒株侵入或多种基因型共存的情况下可能不太有用。目前限制在ECSA地区的其他三种猪适应性菌株可能会传播，不仅应优先了解这些病毒的遗传和抗原特征，还应优先了解它们的历史。我们回顾了这五种病毒基因型分布的历史和当前知识，请注意，就像基因型II一样，一些与猪相关的病毒有扩大地域范围的倾向.这些特征对于优先考虑疫苗开发工作以确保对病毒逃逸的快速反应是有价值的。然而,虽然ASF疫苗对高产量系统至关重要，全球粮食安全依赖于同时努力改善非洲的生物安全和养猪生产，并依赖于ECSA区域持续的ASFV监测和表征。
