Abstract：
Clostridium perfringens type A and C are the primary etiological agents associated with necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. The predisposing factors implicated in the incidence of NE changes the physical properties of the gut, immunological status of birds, and disrupt the gut microbial homeostasis, causing an over-proliferation of C. perfringens. The principal virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis of NE are the α-toxin, β-toxin, and NetB toxin. The immune response to NE in poultry is mediated by the Th1 pathway or cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. C. perfringens type A and C are also pathogenic in humans, and hence are of public health significance. C. perfringens intoxications are the third most common bacterial foodborne disease after Salmonella and Campylobacter. The restrictions on the use of antibiotics led to an increased incidence of NE in poultry. Hence, it is essential to develop alternative strategies to keep the prevalence of NE under check. The control strategies rely principally on the positive modulation of host immune response, nutritional manipulation, and pathogen reduction. Current knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis, predisposing factors, immune response, effect on the gut microbial homeostasis, and preventative strategies of NE in this post-antibiotic era is addressed in this review.
摘要：
A型和C型产气荚膜梭菌是与家禽坏死性肠炎（NE）相关的主要病原体。与NE发生率有关的诱发因素改变了肠道的物理性质，鸟类的免疫状态，破坏肠道微生物的稳态，导致产气荚膜梭菌过度增殖。导致NE发病的主要毒力因子是α毒素，β-毒素,和NetB毒素.家禽中对NE的免疫应答由Th1途径或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞介导。产气荚膜梭菌A型和C型在人类中也有致病性，因此具有公共卫生意义。产气荚膜梭菌中毒是仅次于沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌的第三大常见的细菌性食源性疾病。对抗生素使用的限制导致家禽中NE的发病率增加。因此，制定替代策略以控制NE的患病率至关重要。控制策略主要依赖于宿主免疫应答的正向调节,营养操作，减少病原体。目前对病因学的认识，发病机制，诱发因素,免疫反应，对肠道微生物稳态的影响，本文综述了后抗生素时代NE的预防策略。
