PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer\'s disease, Parkinson\'s disease, Huntington\'s disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.
摘要：
本文介绍了神经损伤和神经变性的常用实验和临床生物标志物，用于评估神经病理学和监测治疗干预措施。生物标志物对于脑疾病诊断和治疗监测至关重要。生物标志物可以被客观地测量和评估为病理生理过程或对治疗干预的响应的替代指标。在理解神经系统疾病的分子病理生理学以及在初始阶段诊断它们的能力方面存在复杂的障碍。神经系统疾病的新型生物标志物可能会超越这些问题，尤其是疾病风险的早期识别。验证的生物标志物可以测量急性神经元损伤和慢性神经系统疾病如癫痫的严重程度和进展。偏头痛,老年痴呆症,帕金森病,亨廷顿病,创伤性脑损伤,肌萎缩侧索硬化，多发性硬化症,和其他脑部疾病。生物标志物用于研究进展和对治疗的反应，包括急性和慢性脑部疾病的非侵入性成像工具。神经元生物标志物分为四个核心亚型：基于血液，基于免疫组织化学，基于神经影像学，和电生理生物标志物。神经元条件有渐进阶段，如急性损伤，炎症,神经变性,和神经发生，可以作为病理状态的指标。生物标志物对于特定分子的靶向鉴定至关重要，细胞,组织，或者在整个大脑疾病进展过程中显著改变的蛋白质。在影响中枢神经系统的急性疾病和慢性疾病中，生物标志物已经取得了巨大的进展。
