Abstract：
Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Although the method has been used for several decades to track other infectious diseases, there has not been a comprehensive review outlining all of the pathogens that have been surveilled through wastewater. Herein we identify the infectious diseases that have been previously studied via wastewater surveillance prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious diseases and pathogens were identified in 100 studies of wastewater surveillance across 38 countries, as were themes of how wastewater surveillance and other measures of disease transmission were linked. Twenty-five separate pathogen families were identified in the included studies, with the majority of studies examining pathogens from the family Picornaviridae, including polio and nonpolio enteroviruses. Most studies of wastewater surveillance did not link what was found in the wastewater to other measures of disease transmission. Among those studies that did, the value reported varied by study. Wastewater surveillance should be considered as a potential public health tool for many infectious diseases. Wastewater surveillance studies can be improved by incorporating other measures of disease transmission at the population-level including disease incidence and hospitalizations.
摘要：
严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的废水监测已被证明是有关SARS-CoV-2传播和2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例的宝贵信息来源。尽管该方法已经使用了几十年来跟踪其他传染病，尚未进行全面审查，概述通过废水监测的所有病原体。在这里，我们确定了在COVID-19大流行之前通过废水监测研究过的传染病。在38个国家的100项废水监测研究中发现了传染病和病原体，以及废水监测和其他疾病传播措施如何联系的主题。在纳入的研究中确定了25个单独的病原体家族，大多数研究都检查了来自Picornaviridae家族的病原体，包括脊髓灰质炎和非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒。大多数废水监测研究都没有将废水中发现的内容与其他疾病传播措施联系起来。在那些研究中，报告的值因研究而异。废水监测应被视为许多传染病的潜在公共卫生工具。通过在人口层面纳入其他疾病传播措施，包括疾病发病率和住院率，可以改善废水监测研究。
